Magiya a Mixer Truck
Magalimoto osakaniza, omwe amadziwikanso kuti osakaniza konkire kapena simenti, amakhala ndi zigawo zingapo zofunika ndi magiya omwe ndi ofunikira kuti agwire ntchito.Magiyawa amathandiza kusakaniza ndi kunyamula konkire bwino.Nawa magiya akuluakulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto ophatikizira:
- Kusakaniza Drum:Ichi ndiye chigawo choyambirira chagalimoto yosakaniza.Imazungulira mosalekeza panthawi yodutsa kuti konkritiyo isawumitsidwe.Kuzungulirako kumayendetsedwa ndi ma hydraulic motors kapena nthawi zina ndi injini yagalimoto kudzera pamagetsi otengera mphamvu (PTO).
- Dongosolo la Hydraulic:Magalimoto osakaniza amagwiritsa ntchito makina opangira ma hydraulic kuti azitha kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kusinthasintha kwa ng'oma yosakaniza, kugwiritsa ntchito chute yotulutsa, ndikukweza kapena kutsitsa ng'oma yosakaniza kuti muyike ndikutsitsa.Mapampu a hydraulic, motors, silinda, ndi ma valve ndizofunikira kwambiri pa dongosololi.
- Kutumiza:Njira yopatsirana ndi yomwe imayang'anira kusamutsa mphamvu kuchokera ku injini kupita kumawilo.Magalimoto osakaniza nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zolemetsa zolemetsa zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zizitha kunyamula katunduyo ndikupereka torque yofunikira yoyendetsa galimotoyo, makamaka ikadzazidwa ndi konkriti.
- Injini:Magalimoto osakaniza ali ndi injini zamphamvu kuti apereke mphamvu zamahatchi zomwe zimafunikira posuntha katundu wolemetsa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito makina a hydraulic.Ma injini awa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu ya dizilo chifukwa cha torque yawo komanso mphamvu yamafuta.
- Kusiyana:Gulu la zida zosiyanitsira limalola mawilo kuti azizungulira mothamanga mosiyanasiyana pokhota ngodya.Izi ndizofunikira kuti mukhalebe okhazikika komanso kupewa kuvala kwa matayala m'magalimoto osakaniza, makamaka mukamayenda m'malo olimba kapena malo osagwirizana.
- Drivetrain:Zida zopangira ma drivetrain, kuphatikiza ma axles, ma driveshafts, ndi zosiyana, zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kutumiza mphamvu kuchokera ku injini kupita kumawilo.M'magalimoto osakaniza, zigawozi zimamangidwa kuti zithe kupirira katundu wolemera ndikupereka ntchito yodalirika.
- Tanki ya Madzi ndi Pompo:Magalimoto ambiri osakaniza amakhala ndi thanki yamadzi ndi makina opopera owonjezera madzi kusakaniza konkire panthawi yosakaniza kapena kuyeretsa ng'oma yosakanizira mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito.Pampu yamadzi nthawi zambiri imayendetsedwa ndi hydraulic kapena mota yamagetsi.
Magiya ndi zigawozi zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuwonetsetsa kuti magalimoto osakaniza amatha kusakaniza, kunyamula, ndikutulutsa konkriti pamalo omanga.Kusamalira ndi kuyang'anitsitsa magiyawa nthawi zonse n'kofunika kuti zitsimikizire kuti zimagwira ntchito motetezeka komanso moyenera.
Magiya a Konkire Ophatikiza Zomera
Chomera chophatikizira konkriti, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti chosakaniza cha konkire kapena chopangira konkriti, ndi malo omwe amaphatikiza zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti apange konkire.Zomerazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga zikuluzikulu zomwe zimafunikira konkriti yapamwamba mosalekeza.Nazi zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi njira zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi chomera chokhazikika cha konkriti:
- Aggregate Bins:Miphika imeneyi imasunga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu monga mchenga, miyala, ndi miyala yophwanyidwa.Zophatikizazo zimagawidwa molingana ndi kapangidwe kakusakaniza kofunikira kenako ndikukankhidwira pa lamba wonyamula katundu kuti ayendetse kugawo losanganikirana.
- Lamba wa Conveyor:Lamba wa conveyor amanyamula zophatikizika kuchokera ku nkhokwe zophatikizira kupita kugawo losanganikirana.Zimatsimikizira kuperekedwa kosalekeza kwa ma aggregates ophatikizana.
- Simenti Silos:Simenti ya silo yosungira simenti yochulukira.Simentiyo nthawi zambiri imasungidwa m'mankhokwe okhala ndi mpweya komanso njira zowongolera kuti simentiyo ikhale yabwino.Simenti imatulutsidwa kuchokera ku silos kudzera pa ma pneumatic kapena screw conveyors.
- Kusungirako Madzi ndi Matanki Owonjezera:Madzi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga konkriti.Zomera zophatikizira konkriti zimakhala ndi akasinja osungira madzi kuti zitsimikizire kupezeka kwamadzi kosalekeza pakusakaniza.Kuphatikiza apo, akasinja owonjezera amatha kuphatikizidwa kuti asungidwe ndikugawa zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana monga zophatikizira, zopangira utoto, kapena ulusi.
- Zida Zolumikizira:Zida zophatikizira, monga zoyezera ma hopper, masikelo, ndi mita, zimayezera molondola ndikugawa zosakaniza mugawo losanganikirana molingana ndi kapangidwe kamene kakusakaniza.Zomera zamasiku ano zophatikizira nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito makina owongolera apakompyuta kuti asinthe izi ndikuwonetsetsa kulondola.
- Mixing Unit:Chigawo chosakaniza, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti chosakaniza, ndi pamene zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimaphatikizidwa kuti zipange konkire.Chosakanizacho chikhoza kukhala chosakaniza ng'oma chokhazikika, chosakaniza ndi shaft iwiri, kapena chosakaniza mapulaneti, malingana ndi mapangidwe ake ndi mphamvu yake.Kusakanizaku kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kusakanikirana kophatikizana, simenti, madzi, ndi zowonjezera kuti apange konkriti yosakanikirana.
- Control System:Dongosolo lowongolera limayang'anira ndikuwongolera njira yonse yolumikizira.Imayang'anira kuchuluka kwa zinthu, imayang'anira magwiridwe antchito a conveyors ndi zosakaniza, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti konkriti yopangidwa ndi yogwirizana komanso yabwino.Zomera zamasiku ano zophatikizira nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi makina owongolera apakompyuta kuti azigwira ntchito moyenera komanso moyenera.
- Chipinda Choyang'anira Chomera cha Batch: Apa ndi pomwe ogwira ntchito amawunika ndikuwongolera njira yolumikizira.Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mawonekedwe owongolera, zida zowunikira, ndi ma consoles oyendetsa.
Zomera zomangirira konkriti zimabwera m'mapangidwe osiyanasiyana komanso kuthekera kuti zigwirizane ndi zofunikira za polojekiti.Amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri powonetsetsa kuti konkriti yapamwamba imaperekedwa panthawi yake yomanga, kuyambira nyumba zogona mpaka zomangamanga zazikulu.Kugwira ntchito moyenera ndi kukonza zomangira zomangira ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kupanga konkriti kosasinthika ndikuchita bwino kwa polojekiti.
Magiya Ofukula
Zofukula ndi makina ovuta opangidwira kukumba, kugwetsa, ndi ntchito zina zoyendetsa nthaka.Amagwiritsa ntchito magiya osiyanasiyana ndi zida zamakina kuti akwaniritse ntchito yawo.Nawa magiya ofunikira ndi zida zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri pakukumba:
- Dongosolo la Hydraulic:Zofukula zimadalira kwambiri ma hydraulic systems kuti aziyendetsa kayendetsedwe kawo ndi zomata.Mapampu a Hydraulic, motors, silinda, ndi mavavu amawongolera magwiridwe antchito a chofufutira, mkono, ndowa, ndi zomangira zina.
- Zida za Swing:Chombo chosambira, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti mphete yopha kapena kunyamula, ndi mphete yayikulu yomwe imalola kuti chofufutira chapamwamba chizizungulira madigiri 360 pagalimoto yapansi.Imayendetsedwa ndi ma hydraulic motors ndipo imalola wogwiritsa ntchito kuyika chofufutira kuti akumbire kapena kutaya zinthu mbali iliyonse.
- Tsatani Dalaivala:Zofukula nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mayendedwe m'malo mwa mawilo oyenda.Dongosolo loyendetsa mayendedwe limaphatikizapo ma sprockets, ma track, idlers, ndi rollers.Ma sprockets amalumikizana ndi mayendedwe, ndipo ma hydraulic motors amayendetsa njanji, kulola kuti chofukulacho chiziyenda m'malo osiyanasiyana.
- Kutumiza:Zofukula zimatha kukhala ndi njira yotumizira yomwe imasamutsa mphamvu kuchokera ku injini kupita ku mapampu a hydraulic ndi ma mota.Kutumiza kumatsimikizira kuperekedwa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu komanso kugwira ntchito moyenera kwa hydraulic system.
- Injini:Zofukula zimayendetsedwa ndi injini za dizilo, zomwe zimapereka mphamvu yofunikira yamahatchi kuti igwiritse ntchito ma hydraulic system, track drive, ndi zina.Injini ikhoza kukhala kumbuyo kapena kutsogolo kwa chofufutira, kutengera chitsanzo.
- Cab ndi Zowongolera:Kabati ya opareta imakhala ndi zowongolera ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito chofufutira.Magiya monga joystick, pedals, ndi ma switch amalola woyendetsa kuwongolera kayendedwe ka boom, mkono, ndowa, ndi ntchito zina.
- Chidebe ndi Zowonjezera:Zofukula zimatha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zidebe zokumba, komanso zomata monga zomangira, nyundo zama hydraulic, ndi zala zazikulu zogwirira ntchito zapadera.Ma coupler ofulumira kapena makina opangira ma hydraulic amalola kuti azitha kulumikiza mosavuta ndi kuzimitsa zida izi.
- Zigawo za Undercarriage:Kuphatikiza pa ma track drive system, ofukula ali ndi zida zapansi panthaka monga ma track tensioners, mafelemu a track, ndi nsapato zama track.Zigawozi zimathandizira kulemera kwa chofufutira ndikupereka bata panthawi yogwira ntchito.
Magiya ndi zigawozi zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti chofufutiracho chizitha kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana moyenera komanso moyenera.Kusamalira ndi kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse n'kofunika kuti zitsimikizire kugwira ntchito moyenera komanso moyo wautali wa ofukula m'madera ovuta kwambiri.
Zida za Tower Crane
Ma crane a Tower ndi makina ovuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pomanga nyumba zazitali ndi zomanga.Ngakhale kuti sagwiritsa ntchito zida zachikale monga momwe zimakhalira zamagalimoto kapena makina opangira mafakitale, amadalira njira zosiyanasiyana ndi zigawo kuti zizigwira ntchito bwino.Nazi zina mwazinthu zazikulu zokhudzana ndi magwiridwe antchito a tower cranes:
- Zida za Slewing:Ma crane a Tower amayikidwa pansanja yoyima, ndipo amatha kuzungulira (kupha) mopingasa kuti afikire madera osiyanasiyana a malo omanga.Chingwe chowombera chimakhala ndi giya lalikulu la mphete ndi zida za pinion zoyendetsedwa ndi mota.Dongosolo la zida izi limalola kuti crane izungulire bwino komanso moyenera.
- Hoisting Mechanism:Ma crane a Tower ali ndi njira yokwezera yomwe imakweza ndi kutsitsa katundu wolemetsa pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe chawaya ndi ng'oma yokweza.Ngakhale kuti si magiya okha, zigawozi zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kukweza ndi kutsitsa katundu.Makina okweza amatha kukhala ndi bokosi la gear kuti azitha kuwongolera liwiro ndi torque ya ntchito yokweza.
- Njira ya Trolley:Ma cranes a Tower nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi makina a trolley omwe amasuntha katunduyo mopingasa motsatira jib (yopingasa boom).Makinawa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi trolley motor ndi gear system yomwe imalola kuti katunduyo akhazikike bwino pa jib.
- Zolimbana nazo:Kuti akhalebe okhazikika komanso okhazikika ponyamula katundu wolemetsa, ma crane a nsanja amagwiritsa ntchito zofananira.Izi nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa pa counter-jib ndipo zimatha kusinthidwa ngati pakufunika.Ngakhale kuti si magiya okha, ma counterweights amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa crane.
- Mabuleki System:Ma crane a tower amakhala ndi ma braking system kuti azitha kuyendetsa katundu komanso kuzungulira kwa crane.Machitidwewa nthawi zambiri amaphatikizirapo ma brake angapo, monga mabuleki a disc kapena mabuleki a ng'oma, omwe amatha kuyendetsedwa ndi hydraulically kapena makina.
- Control Systems:Ma cranes a Tower amayendetsedwa kuchokera ku kabati yomwe ili pafupi ndi pamwamba pa nsanjayo.Makina owongolera amaphatikiza zokometsera, mabatani, ndi malo ena omwe amalola woyendetsa kuwongolera mayendedwe ndi ntchito za crane.Ngakhale si magiya, machitidwe owongolerawa ndi ofunikira kuti crane ikhale yotetezeka komanso yogwira ntchito.
Ngakhale ma crane a nsanja sagwiritsa ntchito zida zachikhalidwe monga momwe amachitira mitundu ina yamakina, amadalira makina osiyanasiyana amagetsi, makina, ndi zida zina kuti agwire ntchito yawo yokweza ndi kuyiyika molondola komanso mosatekeseka.
Zida Zomangamanga Zambiri komwe Belon Gears