Ma magiya ophatikizika
Magalimoto osakaniza, omwe amadziwikanso kuti simenti kapena osakaniza simenti, amakhala ndi zigawo zingapo zazikuluzikulu zomwe ndizofunikira pakugwira kwawo. Magiya awa amathandizira kusakanikirana ndikuyenda molondola. Nazi zina mwa zida zazikulu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto osakanikirana:
- Kusakaniza ng'oma:Ichi ndiye gawo lalikulu la galimoto yosakanizira. Zimazungulira mosalekeza panthawi yoyenda kuti kusakaniza konkriti kuchokera kuuma. Kutembenuka kumayendetsedwa ndi ma hydraulic motors kapena nthawi zina ndi injini yagalimoto kudzera mu mphamvu yochokera (PTO).
- Hydraulic dongosolo:Magalimoto osakanikirana amagwiritsa ntchito makina a hydralialic kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kuzungulira kwa Drum Drum, kugwira ntchito molumwa, ndikukweza kapena kutsitsa kwa Dramni yosakaniza kuti isayike ndikutsitsa. Mapampu a Hydraulic, mota, masilinda, ndi mavuvu ndi ofunikira m'dongosolo lino.
- Kutumiza:Dongosolo lofalitsidwa limayang'anira kusamutsa mphamvu kuchokera ku injini kupita ku mawilo. Magalimoto osakanikirana nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ntchito zolemetsa zopangidwa kuti azigwira katunduyo ndikupatseni torque yofunika yosuntha galimoto, makamaka ikadzaza konkriti.
- Injini:Matingiri osakanikirana amakhala ndi injini zamphamvu kuti apereke mphamvu yamahatchi ofunikira kuti isunthe katundu wolemera ndikugwiritsa ntchito makina a hydraulic. Ma injiniwa nthawi zambiri amakhala osalala chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo ndi mphamvu.
- Zosiyana:Msonkhano wosiyana ndi wosiyana umalola mawilo kuti azungulire mwachangu kuthamanga kwinaku akutembenukira ngodya. Izi ndizofunikira kuti mukhalebe okhazikika ndikuletsa tayala kuvala magalimoto osakanikirana, makamaka pamene akuyenda m'malo okhazikika kapena malo osagwirizana.
- Kuyendetsa:Zovala zotsogola, kuphatikiza ma axles, zokwawa, ndi zosiyana, zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti zizigawira mphamvu kuchokera ku injini kupita ku mawilo. M'magalasi osakanikirana, zinthuzi zimapangidwa kuti zithetse katundu wolemera ndikupereka ntchito zodalirika.
- Thanki yamadzi ndi pampu:Magalimoto ambiri osakanikirana amakhala ndi thanki yamadzi ndikuwonjezera madzi osakaniza konkriti panthawi yosakanikirana kapena kuyeretsa ng'oma mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito. Pampu yamadzi nthawi zambiri imayendetsedwa ndi galimoto ya hydraulic kapena yamagetsi.
Magiya ndi magulu awa amagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti magalimoto osakanikirane azisakaniza bwino, zoyendera, ndi zotumza konkriti pamasamba omanga. Kukonza pafupipafupi ndikuwunika mazira awa ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire bwino ntchito yotetezeka.
Magiya a konkriti
Chomera cholumikizira konkriti, chimadziwikanso kuti chomera chosakanizira konkriti kapena chomera cholumikizira, ndi malo omwe amaphatikizira zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana. Zomera izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga majerekiti omanga omwe amapitilira konkire kwambiri. Nayi zigawo zazikuluzikulu ndi njira zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi chomera cha simenti:
- BUSGEGEATE BIONS:Ng'ombezi zimasunga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ophatikizira monga mchenga, miyala, ndi mwala wosweka. Ogawitsidwa amaphatikizidwa malinga ndi kapangidwe kake kake kosakaniza kenako ndikuchotsa lamba wonyamula kuti anyamuke kupita kumalo osakanikirana.
- Lamba wonyamula:Lamba wonyamula katundu amatulutsa zigawo zochokera ku zikopa zophatikizika zoyambira kusakaniza. Imatsimikizira kupezeka kosakanikirana kwa zovuta zosakanikirana.
- Silos SILOS:Simenti shule silment pazambiri zambirimbiri. Simenti imasungidwa mu siyiso yokhala ndi njira zowongolera komanso zowongolera kuti zisunge simenti. Simenti imatulutsidwa kuchokera ku silika kudzera mu ma pneumatic kapena screw.
- Malo osungira ndi owonjezera:Madzi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga konkriti. Zomera zopumira za konkriti zimakhala ndi akasinja osungira madzi kuti awonetsetse madzi osakanikirana. Kuphatikiza apo, ma tank owonjezera akhoza kuphatikizidwa kuti asunge komanso kuwononga zinthu zingapo monga mabatire, othandizira kukongoletsa, kapena ulusi.
- Zida zomangika:Zida zomangirira, monga zolemera zolemera, masikelo, ndi mita, muyeso wolondola ndi kupereka zosakaniza mu gawo losakanikirana molingana ndi kapangidwe kake kosakaniza. Zomera zamakono zamakono nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito makina owongolera makompyuta kuti musunge izi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mutsimikizire.
- Kusakaniza unit:Chigawo chosakanikirachi, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti chosakanizira, ndi pomwe zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana zimaphatikizidwa kuti apange konkriti. Wosakaniza akhoza kukhala wosakanizira, wosakanizika-usasuntha, kapena sungani plamu, kutengera kapangidwe kake ndi kuthekera kwa mbewu. Njira yosakanikirako imatsimikizira kuti zophatikizika, simenti, madzi, ndi zowonjezera kuti zitulutse zosakaniza zosakanikirana.
- Dongosolo Lamphamvu:Makina oyang'anira amayang'anira ndikuwongolera njira yonse yobera. Zimayang'anira kuchuluka kwazosakanikirana, kumapangitsa kugwira ntchito kwa ma coreotor ndi zosakanikirana, ndipo amawonetsetsa kuti siketency ndi mtundu wa konkriti wopangidwa. Zomera zamakono zamakono nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi njira zapamwamba zamakompyuta kuti zizigwira ntchito bwino komanso zolondola.
- Chipinda chowongolera cha Batch: Umu ndi pomwe ogwiritsa ntchito akuwongolera ndikuwongolera njira yobera. Imakhala ndi nyumba zowongolera mawonekedwe a dongosolo, zida zowunikira, ndi zotola zamagetsi.
Zomera zokhoma konkriti zimabwera m'matangomitundu osiyanasiyana kuti agwirizane ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana. Amakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti apange konkire yapamwamba kwambiri yomanga, kuyambira nyumba zokhala ndi nyumba kupita ku zinthu zazikulu. Ntchito Yothandiza ndi Kusamalira mbewu zokutira ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti ndizovuta komanso kuchita bwino.
Magiya ofukula
Akatswiri ofukulamo ndi makina ovuta omwe amakumba, kugwedeza, ndi ntchito zina zonyamula. Amagwiritsa ntchito magiya osiyanasiyana komanso zinthu zomwe zimapanga kuti akwaniritse magwiridwe awo. Nazi zina mwazikulu ndi zigawo zigawo zomwe zimapezeka mu zokunjetsani:
- Hydraulic dongosolo:Ofukula zakale amadalira kwambiri ma syralialic dongosolo kuti agwiritse ntchito mayendedwe awo ndi zomata. Mapampu a Hydraulic, mota, ma cylinders, ndi mavunguwo ndi mavunguwo amawongolera kuti agwiritse ntchito, mkono, chidebe, ndi zina.
- Swing Gear:Gulose wosenda, omwe amadziwikanso kuti mphete yaja kapena kung'ung'udza, ndi magiya akuluakulu omwe amalola kuti kapangidwe kake kamene kakufukulako kuti zisunthire madigiri 360 panjira. Imayendetsedwa ndi ma hydraulic motors ndipo imalola wothandizirayo kuti akhazikitse kapena kutaya zinthu mbali iliyonse.
- Track Drive:Ofukula zochulukitsa m'malo mwa mawilo oyenda. Njira yoyendetsa njanji imaphatikizapo ma spakes, timayendedwe, oyimba, komanso odzigudubuza. Zithunzizo zimachita ndi ma tracks, ndipo motaya mtima amayendetsa ma tracks, kulola okumbawo kuti asunthire ma perrains osiyanasiyana.
- Kutumiza:Ofukula atha kukhala ndi dongosolo lotumiza lomwe limasamutsa mphamvu kuchokera ku injini kupita pamapapu ndi ma mozowawa. Kutumiza kumatsimikizira kusalala kosalala komanso kugwira ntchito mogwira mtima kwa hydraulic system.
- Injini:Ofukula omotsedwa ndi injini za dizilo, zomwe zimapereka kavalo wofunikira kuti azigwiritsa ntchito makina a hydraulic, matenthedwe, ndi zina zophatikizira. Injiniyo ikhoza kupezeka kumbuyo kapena kutsogolo kwa ractitor, kutengera chitsanzo.
- Cab ndi Zowongolera:Kabati ya wothandizirayo nyumba zowongolera ndi zida zogwirizira zokufukula. Magiya monga olowerera, pemels, ndipo amasintha amalola wothandizira kuti azitha kuyendetsa kayendedwe ka thukuta, mkono, chidebe, ndi zina.
- Chidebe ndi zomata:Ofukula atha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zidebe zokumba, komanso zomata monga ma mikwingwirima, nyundo yam'magazi, ndi zithumwa za ntchito zapadera. Makina othamanga kapena hydraulic systems imalola kusavuta kugwirizanitsa ndi kusokoneza zidazi.
- Zigawo Zopanda pake:Kuphatikiza pa njira yoyendetsa njanji, ofukula ali ndi zigawo zomwe zimapangidwa ngati zonyoza, mafelemu, ndi nsapato. Zipangizozi zimathandizira kulemera kwa racthator ndikupereka bata pakugwira ntchito.
Magiya ndi magulu awa amagwira ntchito limodzi kuti athandize okwera kuti agwire ntchito zosiyanasiyana moyenera komanso moyenera. Kukonza pafupipafupi ndikofunikira kuti muwonetsetse ntchito zoyenera komanso kutaya mtima wa ofukula.
Nsapato za Brane
Makina a Tower ndi makina ovuta kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumba zazitali komanso zomangira. Ngakhale sagwiritsa ntchito magiya amtundu womwewo monga magalimoto oyenda kapena makina ogulitsa, amadalira njira zingapo ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwirira ntchito bwino. Nazi zina zofunika zokhudzana ndi ntchito ya Tower Cranes:
- Gwarsting GAR:Nsanja ya Tower imayikidwa pa nsanja yofuula, ndipo imatha kuzungulira (yopha) moyang'anizana ndi malo osiyanasiyana omanga. Mafupa okwerera amakhala ndi zida zazikulu za mphete ndi zida za Pinion zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi galimoto. Dongosolo ili limalola crane kuti izungulire bwino komanso molondola.
- Makina Okweza:Nsanja ya Tower ili ndi njira yonyamula ndikukweza ndi kuchepetsa katundu wolemera pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe cha waya ndi duwa. Ngakhale si magiani osakhalitsa, izi zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti alere ndi kutsitsa katundu. Makina okhala pafupi atha kuphatikizaponso gearbox kuti awongolere liwiro ndi chimbudzi cha ntchito yonyamula.
- Makina a Trolley:Makope a nsanja nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi makina a Trolley omwe amasuntha katunduyo molunjika m'mphepete mwa jib (yopingasa boom). Makinawa amakhala ndi marolley mota ndi makina omwe amalola kuti katunduyo azikhala naye molondola m'Chib.
- Ogogoda:Kuti mukhalebe okhazikika komanso kusamala kwinaku ndikunyamula katundu wolemera, nsanja za nsanja amagwiritsa ntchito anzawo. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhazikika pa koloko kapena kubisala ndipo imatha kusinthidwa ngati yofunika. Ngakhale sanadzinenere okha, ogogojekitiwo amasewera mbali yofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito moyenera kwa crane.
- Braking System:Matanu a nsanja amakhala ndi njira zolekika kuti muchepetse kuyenda kwa katundu ndi kuzungulira kwa crane. Makina awa nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza makeke osiyanasiyana, monga mabuleki kapena mabuleki a dran, omwe angagwire ntchito hydraulical kapena mozama.
- Makina Olamulira:Nsanja za nsanja zimayendetsedwa kuchokera ku cab yomwe ili pafupi ndi nsanjayo. Njira zowongolera zimaphatikizapo chisangalalo, mabatani, ndi mawonekedwe ena omwe amalola kuti wothandizirayo aziwongolera mayendedwe a crane ndikugwira ntchito. Ngakhale si magiya, makina owongolerawa ndi ofunikira pakuchita bwino ndi koyenera kwa crane.
Ngakhale makoto a Tower sagwiritsa ntchito magiya amodzi mwanjira yomweyo monga mitundu ina yamakina, amadalira machitidwe osiyanasiyana, ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti akwaniritse bwino komanso motetezeka.
Zowonjezera Zomanga Zomwe Belson Magiya
