1. Mitundu ya Zipangizo za Zida

Chitsulo

Chitsulo ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mukupanga zida chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zabwino, kulimba, komanso kusawonongeka. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitsulo ndi monga:

• Chitsulo cha Kaboni: Ili ndi mpweya wochepa wowonjezera mphamvu pamene ikupezekabe yotsika mtengo. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa ntchito zochepa mpaka zapakati.
• Chitsulo cha aloyi: Yosakanikirana ndi zinthu monga chromium, molybdenum, ndi nickel kuti iwonjezere kukana dzimbiri, kuuma, komanso kulimba. Yabwino kwambiri pa zida zolemera zamafakitale.
• Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri: Imadziwika kuti siitha kudzimbidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera malo omwe ali ndi chinyezi kapena mankhwala. Imapezeka kwambiri m'makina opangira chakudya kapena mankhwala.

Mapulogalamu: Makina a mafakitale, ma transmission a magalimoto, zida zolemera.

Onani zinthu zina zamagetsi

Chitsulo Chopangidwa

Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chimapereka mphamvu yolimba yotha kuwononga komanso kugwedera kwa madzi, ngakhale kuti ndi chofooka komanso chosagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zinthu zomwe zimawononga kwambiri.

• Chitsulo Chopaka Imvi: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa magiya omwe amafunika kuchepetsa kugwedezeka ndi kulamulira phokoso.
• Chitsulo Chopangidwa ndi Ductile: Ili ndi mphamvu yokoka bwino kuposa chitsulo choyera, yoyenera kunyamula katundu wochepa.

MapulogalamuMa gearbox a mapampu, ma compressor, ndi zida zaulimi.

Mkuwa ndi Mkuwa

Zipangizozi sizimakanikizana kwambiri komanso sizimalimbana ndi dzimbiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zinazake. Zimaperekanso mphamvu zodzipaka zokha, zomwe zimachepetsa kufunika kwa mafuta odzola akunja.

• Zida Zamkuwa: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zida za nyongolotsi chifukwa cha kukana kwawo kuvala bwino.
• Zida Zamkuwa: Yopepuka komanso yosagwira dzimbiri, imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina ang'onoang'ono komanso m'madzi.

Mapulogalamu: Zida za nyongolotsi, zida za m'madzi, ndi zipangizo zazing'ono.

2. Njira Zochiritsira Kutentha Pakupanga Zida

Kuchiza kutentha ndi njira yofunika kwambiri popanga zida zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zolimba, zolimba, komanso zosagwirizana ndi kuwonongeka. Kuchiza kutentha kosiyanasiyana kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kutengera zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, Kuzimitsa Carburizin Induction Hardening Flame Hardening Nitriding etc.

2.1 Kukonza Kabati (Kulimbitsa Chikwama)

Kuyika kaburini pa chitsulo kumaphatikizapo kuyika kaboni pamwamba pa magiya achitsulo opanda kaboni wambiri. Pambuyo poyika kaburini pa chitsulocho, giyayo imazimitsidwa kuti ipange gawo lakunja lolimba pamene ikusunga pakati pa chinthucho kukhala cholimba.

• Njira: Giya imatenthedwa pamalo okhala ndi mpweya wochuluka wa kaboni, kenako imazimitsidwa.
• Ubwino: Kulimba kwambiri pamwamba ndi kulimba kwabwino kwambiri pakati.
• Mapulogalamu: Zida zamagalimoto, makina amafakitale, zida zamigodi.

2.2 Kutulutsa Nitriding

Kuyika nitriding kumabweretsa nayitrogeni pamwamba pa chitsulo cha alloy, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale gawo lolimba komanso losawonongeka popanda kufunikira kuzimitsa.

• Njira: Chidacho chimatenthedwa mumlengalenga wokhala ndi nayitrogeni wambiri pa kutentha kochepa.
• UbwinoPalibe kupotoza panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito magiya olondola.
• Mapulogalamu: Zida za m'mlengalenga, zida zamagalimoto zogwira ntchito bwino, ndi makina olondola.

2.3 Kulimbitsa Thupi

Kuuma kwa induction ndi njira yotenthetsera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo enaake pomwe madera enaake a zida amatenthedwa mofulumira pogwiritsa ntchito ma induction coil kenako nkuzimitsidwa.

• Njira: Ma electromagnetic fields amphamvu kwambiri amatenthetsa pamwamba pa giya, kenako kuzizira mwachangu.
• Ubwino: Imapereka kuuma komwe kukufunika pamene ikusunga kulimba kwa mkati.
• Mapulogalamu: Zida zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu makina olemera ndi zida zamigodi.

2.4 Kutenthetsa

Kutenthetsa kumachitika pambuyo pozimitsa kuti achepetse kufooka kwa magiya olimba ndikuchepetsa kupsinjika kwamkati.

• Njira: Magiya amatenthedwanso kutentha pang'ono kenako amaziziritsidwa pang'onopang'ono.
• Ubwino: Zimalimbitsa kulimba kwa chinthucho ndipo zimachepetsa mwayi wosweka.
• MapulogalamuMagiya omwe amafuna mphamvu ndi kusinthasintha kwa magetsi.

2.5 Kuboola Pachifuwa

Kuchotsa magiya ndi njira yochizira pamwamba yomwe imawonjezera mphamvu ya kutopa kwa magiya. Munjira imeneyi, mikanda yaying'ono yachitsulo imaphulitsidwa pamwamba pa giya kuti ipange mphamvu zopanikizika.

• Njira: Mikanda kapena zipolopolo zachitsulo zimawomberedwa pa liwiro lalikulu pamwamba pa giya.
• Ubwino: Zimathandiza kuti thupi likhale lolimba komanso limachepetsa chiopsezo cha ming'alu.
• Mapulogalamu: Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ndege ndi magalimoto.

Kusankha zida zoyenera ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyenera yotenthetsera ndi njira zofunika kwambiri poonetsetsa kuti zida zikugwira ntchito bwino pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana.Chitsuloikadali chisankho chabwino kwambiri cha zida zamafakitale, chifukwa cha mphamvu zake komanso kusinthasintha kwake, nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndikuwotcha or kulimbitsa kwa inductionkuti ikhale yolimba kwambiri.Chitsulo choponyedwaimapereka mphamvu yabwino yochepetsera kugwedezeka,mkuwa ndi mkuwandi abwino kwambiri pa ntchito zochepetsera kupsinjika

Mankhwala otentha mongakukhetsa madzi, kutenthandikuponya manoKupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito a zida mwa kulimbitsa kuuma, kuchepetsa kutopa, komanso kuwonjezera kukana kutopa. Mwa kumvetsetsa bwino momwe zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zimagwirira ntchito komanso momwe zimathandizira kutentha, opanga amatha kukonza mapangidwe a zida kuti akwaniritse zosowa za mafakitale osiyanasiyana.