1. Mitundu ya Zida Zamagetsi

Chitsulo

Chitsulo ndiye chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambirikupanga zida chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zabwino, kulimba, ndi kukana kuvala. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazitsulo ndi:

• Chitsulo cha Carbon: Lili ndi mpweya wochepa woti uwonjezere mphamvu pamene ungakwanitse kugula. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapulogalamu otsika mpaka apakatikati.
• Aloyi Chitsulo: Wosakaniza ndi zinthu monga chromium, molybdenum, ndi faifi tambala kuti apititse patsogolo kulimba kwa dzimbiri, kulimba, komanso kulimba. Ndi abwino kwa magiya olemera a mafakitale.
• Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri: Imadziwika chifukwa chosachita dzimbiri, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera malo omwe ali ndi chinyezi kapena mankhwala. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'makina opangira chakudya kapena makina opanga mankhwala.

Mapulogalamu: Makina a mafakitale, zotumizira magalimoto, zida zolemera.

Onani zida zina zambiri

Kuponya Chitsulo

Cast iron imapereka kukana kwabwino kovala komanso kugwetsa kugwedera, ngakhale ndi yofewa komanso siyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi katundu wambiri.

• Gray Cast Iron: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagiya omwe amafunikira kuchepetsa kugwedezeka komanso kuwongolera phokoso.
• Chitsulo cha Ductile: Imakhala ndi mphamvu zolimba kuposa chitsulo chotuwira, choyenera kunyamula katundu wambiri.

Mapulogalamu: Ma gearbox amapampu, ma compressor, ndi zida zaulimi.

Mkuwa ndi Bronze

Zidazi zimapereka mikangano yotsika komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri, kuzipanga kukhala zabwino pazogwiritsa ntchito zina. Amaperekanso zinthu zodzipangira okha, zomwe zimachepetsa kufunikira kwa mafuta akunja.

• Zida za Bronze: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magiya a nyongolotsi chifukwa cha kukana kwawo kovala bwino.
• Zida za Brass: Zopepuka komanso zosagwira dzimbiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina ang'onoang'ono komanso zam'madzi.

Mapulogalamu: Magiya a nyongolotsi, zida zam'madzi, ndi zida zazing'ono.

2.Njira Zochizira Kutentha mu Kupanga Zida

Kuchiza kutentha ndi njira yofunika kwambiri popanga zida zomwe zimathandizira kulimba, mphamvu, komanso kukana kuvala. Njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira kutentha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutengera zakuthupi ndi zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito, Carburizin Induction Hardening Flame Hardening Nitriding Quenching etc.

2.1 Carburizing (Kuumitsa Mlandu)

Carburizing imaphatikizapo kubweretsa mpweya pamwamba pa magiya achitsulo otsika. Pambuyo pa carburizing, giyayo imazimitsidwa kuti ipange wosanjikiza wakunja wolimba ndikusunga pachimake cholimba.

• Njira: Zida zimatenthedwa m'malo okhala ndi mpweya wambiri, ndikutsatiridwa ndi kuzimitsa.
• Ubwino: Kulimba kwapamwamba komanso kulimba kwapakati.
• Mapulogalamu: Magiya magalimoto, makina mafakitale, zida migodi.

2.2 Nitriding

Nitriding imayambitsa nayitrogeni pamwamba pa chitsulo cha alloy, ndikupanga wosanjikiza wolimba, wosavala popanda kufunika kozimitsa.

• Njira: Zida zimatenthedwa mumlengalenga wokhala ndi nayitrogeni komanso kutentha kocheperako.
• Ubwino: Palibe kupotoza panthawiyi, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwa magiya olondola.
• Mapulogalamu: Magiya apamlengalenga, zida zamagalimoto zogwira ntchito kwambiri, ndi makina olondola.

2.3 Kulimbitsa Thupi

Induction kuumitsa ndi njira yochizira kutentha komwe madera ena a giya amatenthedwa mwachangu pogwiritsa ntchito ma induction coil ndikuzimitsidwa.

• Njira: Magawo amagetsi othamanga kwambiri amatenthetsa giya, ndikutsatiridwa ndi kuzizira kofulumira.
• Ubwino: Amapereka kuuma komwe kuli kofunikira ndikusunga kulimba kwapakati.
• Mapulogalamu: Magiya akuluakulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina olemera ndi zida zamigodi.

2.4 Kuthamanga

Kutentha kumachitidwa pambuyo pozimitsa kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa magiya owumitsidwa ndikuchepetsa kupsinjika kwamkati.

• Njira: Magiya amatenthedwanso mpaka kutentha pang’ono ndiyeno kuziziritsidwa pang’onopang’ono.
• Ubwino: Kumalimbitsa kulimba komanso kumachepetsa mwayi wosweka.
• Mapulogalamu: Magiya omwe amafunikira kukhazikika pakati pa mphamvu ndi ductility.

2.5 Kuwombera Kuwombera

Kuwombera ndi njira yochizira pamwamba yomwe imawonjezera kutopa kwa magiya. Pochita izi, timikanda tating'onoting'ono tachitsulo timaphulitsidwa pamwamba pa giya kuti apange kupsinjika.

• Njira: Mikanda kapena kuwombera kwachitsulo kumawotchedwa pa liwiro lalikulu pamwamba pa giya.
• Ubwino: Imawonjezera kukana kutopa komanso imachepetsa chiopsezo cha ming'alu.
• Mapulogalamu: Magiya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzamlengalenga komanso pamagalimoto.

Kusankha zida zoyenera ndikugwiritsa ntchito kutentha koyenera ndi njira zofunika pakuwonetsetsa kuti magiya akugwira ntchito bwino pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana.Chitsuloimakhalabe chisankho chapamwamba pamagiya amakampani, chifukwa cha mphamvu zake komanso kusinthasintha kwake, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwacarburizing or induction kuumitsachifukwa chokhazikika.Kuponya chitsuloimathandizira kutsitsa bwino kwa vibration,mkuwa ndi mkuwandi abwino kwa otsika kukangana ntchito

Kutentha mankhwala ngatinitriding, kukwiya,ndikuwomberedwa peenkuonjezeranso magwiridwe antchito mwa kukonza kuuma, kuchepetsa kuvala, ndikuwonjezera kukana kutopa. Pomvetsetsa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso machiritso a kutentha, opanga amatha kukhathamiritsa mapangidwe a zida kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zamafakitale osiyanasiyana.