Magiya ndi ngwazi zopanda phokoso komanso zofunika kwambiri m'dziko lamakono. Kuyambira pa ntchito zovuta za kutumiza kwa galimoto mpaka mphamvu yaikulu ya turbine ya mphepo, zigawozi ndizofunikira kwambiri pa kutumiza mphamvu ya makina. Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, kupanga magiya kwakhala kufunafuna kulondola komanso kuchita bwino, kolamulidwa ndi njira zokhazikika monga kuyika, kupanga, ndi kuyika. Komabe, kufunikira kosalekeza kwa mafakitale amakono—kuti apange zinthu zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri, komanso kuphatikiza zinthu zolimba—kwalimbikitsa chitukuko cha ukadaulo wosintha zinthu:Kuthamanga ndi Mphamvu.

Mfundo Yogwiritsira Ntchito Mphamvu Pothamanga

Pakatikati pake, kutsetsereka kwa mphamvu ndi njira yodulira yopangira yomwe imagwirizanitsa kuzungulira kwachangu kwa hobbing ndi dongosolo la zida ndi ntchito yopangira zida. Ndi njira yovuta "yogubuduza" kapena "yopala" pomwe chodulira chapadera, chokhala ndi mano ambiri ndi chopanda kanthu cha giya zimazungulira molumikizana bwino, ngati ma meshing.

Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha power skiving ndingodya yolumikizirana ndi mzere (Σ)Mosiyana ndi hobbing (komwe zida ndi ma axes a workpiece ali pa ngodya ya madigiri 90, yotsutsana ndi ngodya ya helix) kapena kupanga mawonekedwe (komwe ma axes ali ofanana), power skiving imagwira ntchito ndi zida ndi ma axes a workpiece omwe ali pa ngodya inayake, yosafanana, komanso yosalumikizana. Ngodya iyi ndiye yofunikira kwambiri pa ntchitoyi.

Ngodya yowerengedwa mosamalayi imapanga liwiro lapadera (kutsetsereka) pakati pa m'mphepete mwa chida ndi m'mbali mwa chida chogwirira ntchito. Pamene chida ndi chopanda kanthu zikuzungulira pa liwiro lalikulu, liwiro lotsetserekali limapanga ntchito yodula. Chida chodulira, chomwe chimafanana ndi chodulira chopangira mawonekedwe koma chili ndi ngodya ya helix, chimachotsa zinthu kuchokera pamalo opanda kanthu ndi kudutsa kulikonse kwa m'mphepete mwa chodulira, ndikupanga mbiri ya dzino losasinthika pamene zigawo zonse ziwiri zikuzungulira.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zida: Mtima wa Ndondomekoyi

Chodulira cha power skiving ndi chida chovuta kwambiri komanso chapadera. Nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa kuchokera ku carbide yophimbidwa ndi solid-coated kuti chikhale cholimba komanso cholimba, kapena kuchokera ku chitsulo chapamwamba cha ufa (PM) cha metallurgical (HSS). Kapangidwe ka chidachi—kuphatikizapo ngodya yake ya helix, ngodya yake ya rake, ndi mbiri yake—kamadalira makamaka chitsanzo cha kinematic cha makinawo komanso mawonekedwe enieni a zida zomwe akufuna. Kuvuta kwa chida ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa mtengo wonse komanso kukhazikitsa kwa ndondomekoyi.

Ubwino ndi Kuipa kwa Power Skiving

Monga njira ina iliyonse yopangira, power skiving imapereka njira zosiyanasiyana zosinthira.

Ubwino:

Kupanga Kwambiri: Ndi kofulumira kwambiri (nthawi 3-10) kuposa kupanga zida ndipo kumapikisana kwambiri ndi zida zogwirira ntchito. Pa zida zamkati, nthawi zambiri ndiyo njira yopindulitsa kwambiri yomwe ilipo.

Kusinthasintha Kosayerekezeka: Njirayi imatha kupanga magiya amkati ndi akunja komanso ma spline, magiya ozungulira, ndi magiya ozungulira pamakina amodzi.

Kutha "Kuchita Pamodzi": Imatha kugwira ntchito yokonza zinthu mozungulira, kutsiriza pang'ono, komanso kumaliza kamodzi kokha. Imathanso kugwira ntchito yolimba, kapena kukonza zida pambuyo potentha, zomwe zingathandize kuthetsa kufunikira kwa ntchito zina zopera.

Ubwino Wapamwamba: Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pa makina olimba komanso amakono, kutsetsereka kwamphamvu kumatha kupanga zida zolondola kwambiri (monga AGMA 10-11, DIN 6-7) zokhala ndi zomaliza zabwino kwambiri pamwamba.

Imathetsa Ma Geometry Ovuta: Ndi yabwino kwambiri pazida zomwe zili ndi malo ochepa otseguka, monga magiya okhala ndi phewa kapena flange, komwe chitofu sichimatha. Izi ndizovuta kwambiri pamapangidwe ang'onoang'ono a magiya.

Zoyipa:

Mtengo Wapamwamba wa Makina: Njirayi imafuna makina a CNC a 5-axis (kapena kuposerapo) apamwamba kwambiri, olimba, komanso okhazikika pa kutentha omwe ali ndi kulumikizana kwabwino kwamagetsi, zomwe zikutanthauza ndalama zambiri.

Njira Zovuta ndi Zipangizo: Makina a kinematic ndi ovuta kwambiri. Kukonzekera njira kumafuna pulogalamu yoyeserera yapamwamba kuti iwerengere njira za zida ndikupewa kugundana. Zidazo ndi zodula komanso zogwirizana ndi ntchito.

Kuzindikira Kukhazikika: Njirayi imakhala yovuta kwambiri pakukhazikitsa koyenera, makamaka ngodya yolumikizirana ndi mzere. Kusakhazikika kulikonse kungakhudze kwambiri moyo wa chida ndi mtundu wake.

Kusamalira Ma Chip: Kuchotsa zinthu zambiri mwachangu kungayambitse mavuto owongolera ma chip, makamaka pokonza magiya akuya amkati momwe ma chips angapakedwe.

Zochitika Zogwiritsira Ntchito

Kuthamanga ndi mphamvu si njira yodziwika bwino yosinthira zida zina zonse, koma ndi njira yodziwika bwino m'malo enaake, ofunika kwambiri, makamaka chifukwa cha kupanga zinthu zambiri.

Makampani Ogulitsa Magalimoto: Iyi ndi njira yayikulu kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zida zotumizira magiya amkati monga magiya ozungulira, magiya a mapulaneti, ndi matupi a clutch opindika. Kutha kwake kupanga magiya amkati ndi ma spline ovuta mwachangu komanso molondola kwambiri ndikofunikira kwambiri pamagiya amakono, opangidwa ndi automatic komanso amagetsi (EV).

Ndege: Imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma splines ndi ma actuation system gear, komwe kudalirika kwambiri komanso mapangidwe ovuta komanso opepuka ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Makina Opangira Mafakitale: Abwino kwambiri popanga zinthu monga magiya opopera, zolumikizira, ndi ma shaft ena opindika pomwe kupanga bwino ndi kulondola ndizofunikira.

Chinthu chabwino kwambiri chogwiritsira ntchito power skiing ndi chida chapakati mpaka chapamwamba, makamaka chida chamkati kapena chida chokhala ndi mapewa osokoneza, komwe kusunga nthawi yozungulira kungapangitse kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri zoyambira mu makina ndi zida.

Mapeto

Kuthamanga ndi mphamvu kwasintha kuchoka pa lingaliro la zaka 100 la chiphunzitso kupita ku mphamvu zamakono zopangira. Mwa kuphatikiza liwiro la kukwera ndi kusinthasintha kwa mawonekedwe, kwatseka kusiyana kwakukulu pakupanga zida. Kumapereka yankho losayerekezeka popanga zida zamkati ndi zida zovuta zolumikizidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino komanso kulola mbadwo wotsatira wa makina opapatiza komanso odzaza ndi mphamvu. Pamene ukadaulo wa zida zamakina, mapulogalamu oyeserera, ndi mapangidwe a zida zodulira zikupitilira kusintha, kugwiritsa ntchito kukwera ndi mphamvu kukukulirakulira, kulimbitsa udindo wake ngati mphamvu yosintha pakupanga zida.