Makina opangira magiya, magawo odulira ndi zofunikira za zida ngati zida ndizovuta kwambiri kuti zisinthidwe ndipo magwiridwe antchito amafunikira kuwongolera.

Gear ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chotumizira pamagalimoto. Nthawi zambiri, galimoto iliyonse imakhala ndi mano 18-30. Ubwino wa zida zimakhudza mwachindunji phokoso, kukhazikika komanso moyo wautumiki wagalimoto. Chida cha makina opangira zida ndi makina opangira makina ovuta komanso chida chofunikira kwambiri pamakampani amagalimoto. Mphamvu zopanga magalimoto padziko lonse lapansi monga United States, Germany ndi Japan nawonso ndi mphamvu zopangira zida zamakina. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, magiya opitilira 80% amagalimoto ku China amakonzedwa ndi zida zopangira zida zapakhomo. Nthawi yomweyo, makampani amagalimoto amagwiritsa ntchito zida zopitilira 60% zamakina, ndipo makampani amagalimoto nthawi zonse amakhala gawo lalikulu la zida zamakina.

Gear processing Technology

1. kupanga ndi kupanga zopanda kanthu

Hot die forging ikadali njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poponyera zida zamagalimoto. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ukadaulo wa cross wedge rolling wakhala ukulimbikitsidwa kwambiri pakukonza shaft. Tekinoloje iyi ndiyoyenera makamaka kupanga ma billets azitsulo zovuta zapakhomo. Sikuti ali ndi mwatsatanetsatane mkulu, ochepa wotsatira Machining allowance, komanso ali mkulu kupanga dzuwa.

2. normalizing

Cholinga cha ndondomekoyi ndi kupeza kuuma koyenera kudulidwa kwa zida zotsatizana ndi kukonzekera microstructure kwa chithandizo chamtheradi cha kutentha, kuti athe kuchepetsa kutentha kwa kutentha. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimakhala 20CrMnTi. Chifukwa cha chikoka chachikulu cha ndodo, zida ndi chilengedwe, ndi kuzirala liwiro ndi kuzirala yunifolomu wa workpiece n'zovuta kulamulira, chifukwa chachikulu kuuma kubalalitsidwa ndi m'goli metallographic dongosolo, amene mwachindunji zimakhudza zitsulo kudula ndi mtheradi kutentha mankhwala, chifukwa chachikulu. ndi kusakhazikika matenthedwe mapindikidwe ndi kusalamulirika mbali khalidwe. Choncho, isothermal normalizing ndondomeko anatengera. Zochita zatsimikizira kuti isothermal normalizing imatha kusintha bwino kuipa kwa normalizing, ndipo khalidwe la mankhwala ndi lokhazikika komanso lodalirika.

3. kutembenuka

Kuti akwaniritse zofunikira pakukonza zida zolondola kwambiri, zosoweka za zida zonse zimakonzedwa ndi ma CNC lathes, omwe amamangiriridwa mwamakina osagwiritsanso ntchito chida chotembenuza. Kukonzekera kwa dzenje la m'mimba mwake, nkhope yomaliza ndi m'mimba mwake yakunja kumatsirizidwa mofanana pansi pa kugwedeza kwa nthawi imodzi, zomwe sizimangotsimikizira zofunikira za dzenje lamkati ndi nkhope yomaliza, komanso zimatsimikizira kufalikira kwakung'ono kwa zida zambiri. Chifukwa chake, kulondola kwa magiya opanda kanthu kumapangidwa bwino ndipo makina opangira magiya wotsatira amatsimikizika. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri kwa NC lathe Machining kumachepetsanso kwambiri zida komanso kumakhala ndi chuma chabwino.

4. hobbing ndi kukonza zida

Makina ojambulira zida wamba ndi zojambulira zida zimagwiritsidwabe ntchito kwambiri pokonza zida. Ngakhale kuti ndi yabwino kusintha ndi kukonza, kupanga dzuwa ndi otsika. Ngati mphamvu yayikulu ikamalizidwa, makina angapo amafunika kupangidwa nthawi imodzi. Ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo wokutira, ndikosavuta kuyikanso ma hobs ndi ma plungers mutatha kupera. Moyo wautumiki wa zida zokutira ukhoza kusintha kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kuposa 90%, kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha kusintha kwa zida ndi nthawi yopera, ndi phindu lalikulu.

5. kumeta

Ukadaulo wometa ma radial geya umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zida zamagalimoto ambiri chifukwa chakuchita bwino kwambiri komanso kuzindikira mosavuta zofunikira zosinthidwa za mawonekedwe opangidwa ndi dzino komanso mayendedwe a mano. Popeza kampaniyo idagula makina apadera ometa zida zamagetsi a kampani yaku Italy kuti asinthe luso mu 1995, yakhala yokhwima pakugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi okhazikika komanso odalirika.

6. chithandizo cha kutentha

Magiya apagalimoto amafunikira kubisa ndi kuzimitsa kuti awonetsetse kuti ali ndi makina abwino. Zida zokhazikika komanso zodalirika zochizira kutentha ndizofunikira pazinthu zomwe sizikhalanso ndi zida zogaya pambuyo pochiza kutentha. Kampaniyo yakhazikitsa njira yopitilirabe yopangira carburizing ndi kuzimitsa ku Germany Lloyd's, yomwe yapeza zotsatira zokhutiritsa zochizira kutentha.

7. kugaya

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kumaliza dzenje lamkati lotenthetsera kutentha, nkhope yomaliza, shaft m'mimba mwake ndi mbali zina kuti apititse patsogolo kulondola kwa mawonekedwe ndikuchepetsa kulekerera kwa geometric.

Kukonzekera kwa magiya kumatengera mawonekedwe ozungulira kuti akhazikike ndi kumangirira, komwe kumatha kuwonetsetsa kulondola kwa makina a dzino ndi kuyikanso, ndikupeza mtundu wokhutitsidwa wazinthu.

8. kumaliza

Izi ndikuyang'ana ndikuyeretsa mabampu ndi ma burrs pazigawo za gear ndikuyendetsa axle pamaso pa msonkhano, kuti athetse phokoso ndi phokoso lachilendo lomwe limayambitsa pambuyo pa msonkhano. Mvetserani kumveka kwa anthu awiri okha kapena onani kupatuka pa zoyesa mozama. Zigawo zanyumba zopatsirana zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kampani yopanga zinthu zimaphatikizapo nyumba zolumikizirana, nyumba zopatsirana komanso nyumba zosiyanasiyana. Nyumba zokhala ndi ma clutch ndi nyumba zotumizira ndi zida zonyamula katundu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi aloyi ya aluminiyamu yakufa kudzera pakuponya kwapadera. Mawonekedwe ake ndi osakhazikika komanso ovuta. Mayendedwe ambiri ndikugaya malo olumikizana → mabowo opangira makina ndi mabowo olumikiza → mabowo otopetsa → mabowo otopetsa ndi kupeza mabowo apini → kuyeretsa → kuyesa ndi kutulukira.

Zofunikira ndi zofunikira za zida zodulira zida

Magiya amakhala opunduka kwambiri pambuyo pa carburizing ndi kuzimitsa. Makamaka magiya akulu, kupindika kwa mawonekedwe amtundu wa carburized ndi kuzimitsa bwalo lakunja ndi dzenje lamkati nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri. Komabe, potembenuza bwalo lakunja la carburized ndi kuzimitsidwa, palibe chida choyenera. Chida cha bn-h20 chopangidwa ndi "Valin superhard" champhamvu chapakatikati cha kutembenuka kwachitsulo chozimitsidwa chakonza mapindikidwe a carburized ndi kuzimitsa zida zakunja kwa dzenje lamkati ndi nkhope yomaliza, ndikupeza chida choyenera chodulira pakanthawi, Chapanga dziko lonse lapansi. gawo la kudula kwapakatikati ndi zida zolimba kwambiri.

Kuwotcha kwa magiya ndikuzimitsa: kuyika kwa magiya ndikuzimitsa kusinthika kumayambika makamaka chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwa kupsinjika kotsalira komwe kumapangidwa panthawi yopangira makina, kupsinjika kwamatenthedwe komanso kupsinjika kwamapangidwe komwe kumapangidwa panthawi ya chithandizo cha kutentha, komanso kudzisintha kwa kulemera kwa chogwirira ntchito. Makamaka mphete zazikulu zamagiya ndi magiya, mphete zazikuluzikulu zimawonjezeranso kupindika pambuyo pobisala ndikuzimitsa chifukwa cha modulus yawo yayikulu, wosanjikiza wozama wa carburizing, nthawi yayitali komanso kulemera kwake. Lamulo lakusintha la shaft yayikulu ya gear: m'mimba mwake wakunja kwa bwalo lowonjezera likuwonetsa njira yodziwikiratu, koma molunjika m'lifupi la shaft ya giya, chapakati chimachepetsedwa, ndipo mbali ziwirizo zimakulitsidwa pang'ono. Lamulo lakusintha kwa mphete ya giya: Pambuyo pa Carburizing ndikuzimitsa, m'mimba mwake wa mphete yayikulu ya giya imatupa. Pamene dzino m'lifupi ndi osiyana, malangizo a m'lifupi dzino adzakhala conical kapena m'chiuno ng'oma.

Kutembenuka kwa magiya pambuyo pa carburizing ndi kuzimitsa: kusinthika kwa carburizing ndi kuzimitsa kwa mphete ya giya kumatha kuwongoleredwa ndikuchepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, koma sikungapewedwe kwathunthu. zida zotembenuza ndi zodulira pambuyo pobisa ndi kuzimitsa.

Kutembenuza bwalo lakunja, dzenje lamkati ndi nkhope yomaliza pambuyo pozimitsa ndi kuzimitsa: kutembenuka ndi njira yosavuta yowongolera mapindidwe a bwalo lakunja ndi dzenje lamkati la giya la mphete la carburized ndi kuzimitsidwa. M'mbuyomu, chida chilichonse, kuphatikizapo zida zakunja zolimba kwambiri, sizikanatha kuthetsa vuto la kudulira kozungulira kuzungulira kunja kwa zida zozimitsidwa. Valin superhard adaitanidwa kuti achite kafukufuku wa zida ndi chitukuko, "Kudula kwakanthawi kwachitsulo cholimba nthawi zonse kwakhala vuto lovuta, osanenapo zachitsulo cholimba cha pafupifupi HRC60, ndipo gawo lopunduka ndi lalikulu. Mukatembenuza chitsulo chowumitsidwa pa liwiro lalikulu, ngati chogwiriracho chili ndi kudula kwapakatikati, chidacho chimamaliza kukonza ndi kugwedezeka kopitilira 100 pamphindi podula chitsulo cholimba, chomwe ndi chovuta kwambiri kukana mphamvu ya chida. Akatswiri aku China Knife Association akutero. Pambuyo pa chaka cha mayesero obwerezabwereza, Valin superhard adayambitsa mtundu wa chida chodula kwambiri Chotembenuza Chitsulo Cholimba ndi kulephera kwamphamvu; Kuyesera kotembenuza kumachitika pabwalo lakunja la giya pambuyo pobisala ndikuzimitsa.

Yesani kutembenuza ma cylindrical gear pambuyo pobisala ndi kuzimitsa

Giya yayikulu (giya la mphete) idapunduka kwambiri pambuyo pobisala ndikuzimitsa. Kupindika kwa bwalo lakunja la giya la mphete kunali mpaka 2mm, ndipo kuuma pambuyo pozimitsa kunali hrc60-65. Panthawiyo, zinali zovuta kuti kasitomala apeze chopukusira chachikulu cha m'mimba mwake, ndipo ndalama zopangira makina zinali zazikulu, ndipo mphamvu yopera inali yochepa kwambiri. Pomaliza, zida zamoto ndi zozimitsidwa zidasinthidwa.

Kudula liniya liwiro: 50-70m/mphindi, kudula kuya: 1.5-2mm, kudula mtunda: 0.15-0.2mm/ Revolution (zosinthidwa malinga ndi roughness zofunika)

Mukatembenuza kuzungulira kwa zida zozimitsidwa, makinawo amamalizidwa nthawi imodzi. Chida choyambirira cha ceramic chomwe chidatumizidwa kunja chitha kukonzedwa nthawi zambiri kuti chidule. Komanso, kugwa kwa m'mphepete ndikwambiri, ndipo mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito chida ndi wokwera kwambiri.

Zotsatira za mayeso a zida: ndizosagwira kwambiri kuposa chida choyambirira cha silicon nitride ceramic, ndipo moyo wake wautumiki ndi kuwirikiza ka 6 kuposa chida cha silicon nitride ceramic pamene kuya kwake kumawonjezeka katatu! Kudula bwino kumawonjezeka ndi katatu (kunali kudulidwa katatu, koma tsopano kumatsirizidwa ndi nthawi imodzi). Kuuma kwapamtunda kwa workpiece kumakwaniritsanso zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito amafuna. Chinthu chamtengo wapatali kwambiri ndi chakuti mawonekedwe omaliza olephera a chida sizomwe zimakhala zodetsa nkhawa, koma kuvala kwa nkhope yakumbuyo. Kuyesera kwapang'onopang'ono kozimitsa zida zankhondo kunasokoneza nthano yoti zida zolimba kwambiri pamsika sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chitsulo cholimba chapakatikati! Zachititsa chidwi kwambiri pamaphunziro a zida zodulira!

Kumapeto kwa dzenje lokhotakhota lamkati la zida pambuyo pozimitsa

Kutenga pang'onopang'ono kudula kwa dzenje lamkati la zida ndi poyambira mafuta mwachitsanzo: moyo wautumiki wa chida chodulira choyeserera umafika mamita oposa 8000, ndipo mapeto ake ali mkati mwa Ra0.8; Ngati chida cholimba kwambiri chokhala ndi m'mphepete chopukutira chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, kutembenuka kwachitsulo cholimba kumatha kufika pafupifupi Ra0.4. Ndipo moyo wabwino wa zida ungapezeke

Kumapeto kwa giya pambuyo pobisa ndi kuzimitsa

Monga momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito "kutembenuza m'malo mokupera", tsamba la cubic boron nitride lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga kutembenuza molimba kwa nkhope ya gear kumapeto kwa kutentha. Poyerekeza ndi kugaya, kutembenuza mwamphamvu kumathandizira kwambiri kugwira ntchito.

Kwa magiya a carburized ndi kuzimitsidwa, zofunikira za odula ndizokwera kwambiri. Choyamba, kudula kwapakatikati kumafuna kuuma kwakukulu, kukana mphamvu, kulimba, kukana kuvala, kuuma kwapamwamba ndi zinthu zina za chida.

mwachidule:

Pakutembenuka pambuyo pokwiriridwa ndi kuzimitsa ndi kutembenuza nkhope kumapeto, zida wamba zowotcherera zophatikizika za cubic boron nitride zatchuka. Komabe, mapindikidwe dimensional bwalo akunja ndi dzenje lamkati la carburized ndi kuzimitsidwa lalikulu zida mphete, nthawi zonse zimakhala zovuta kuzimitsa mapindikidwe ndi kuchuluka. Kutembenuka kwapang'onopang'ono kwachitsulo chozimitsidwa ndi chida cha Valin superhard bn-h20 kiyubiki boron nitride ndikupita patsogolo kwakukulu mumakampani opanga zida, zomwe zimathandizira kukwezedwa kwakukulu kwa "kutembenuka m'malo mokupera" mumakampani opanga zida, komanso amapeza yankho ku vuto la zida zokhotakhota za cylindrical zomwe zasokonezeka kwa zaka zambiri. Ndikofunikiranso kufupikitsa nthawi yopanga mphete ya zida ndikuchepetsa mtengo wopangira; Odula a Bn-h20 amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wapadziko lonse wazitsulo zolimba zapakatikati zokhotakhota pamakampani.