Njira yopangira zida, magawo odulira ndi zofunikira pa zida ngati zidazo ndi zovuta kwambiri kuti zitembenuzidwe ndipo magwiridwe antchito a makinawo ayenera kukonzedwa.

Giya ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani opanga magalimoto. Nthawi zambiri, galimoto iliyonse imakhala ndi mano okwana 18-30. Ubwino wa giya umakhudza mwachindunji phokoso, kukhazikika, komanso moyo wautumiki wa galimoto. Chida chopangira makina opangira magiya ndi chida chovuta kwambiri komanso chida chofunikira kwambiri pamakampani opanga magalimoto. Makampani opanga magalimoto padziko lonse lapansi monga United States, Germany ndi Japan nawonso ndi makampani opanga zida zopangira magiya. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, magiya opitilira 80% ku China amakonzedwa ndi zida zopangira magiya apakhomo. Nthawi yomweyo, makampani opanga magalimoto amagwiritsa ntchito zida zopitilira 60%, ndipo makampani opanga magalimoto nthawi zonse amakhala gawo lalikulu la zida zogwiritsira ntchito makina.

Ukadaulo wokonza zida

1. kuponya ndi kupanga zinthu zopanda kanthu

Kupangira zida zotentha ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito kwambiri popanga zida zamagalimoto. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ukadaulo wozungulira ming'alu wakhala ukulimbikitsidwa kwambiri pakupanga shaft. Ukadaulo uwu ndi woyenera kwambiri popanga ma billets a shafts ovuta. Sikuti umangokhala ndi luso lolondola kwambiri, komanso umakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zopangira.

2. kusintha

Cholinga cha njirayi ndikupeza kuuma koyenera kudula zida zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pake ndikukonzekeretsa kapangidwe kake ka kutentha koyenera, kuti achepetse kusintha kwa kutentha. Zipangizo za chitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimakhala 20CrMnTi. Chifukwa cha mphamvu yayikulu ya antchito, zida ndi malo, liwiro lozizira ndi kufanana kwa kuzizira kwa ntchitoyo zimakhala zovuta kuwongolera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuuma kwakukulu kukhale kosagwirizana komanso kapangidwe ka metallographic, komwe kumakhudza mwachindunji kudula kwachitsulo ndi kutentha komaliza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kwakukulu komanso kosasinthasintha kukhale kosiyana komanso khalidwe losalamulirika la magawo. Chifukwa chake, njira yosinthira kutentha kwa isothermal yagwiritsidwa ntchito. Machitidwe awonetsa kuti kusintha kwa kutentha kwa isothermal kumatha kusintha bwino zovuta za normalizing wamba, ndipo mtundu wa malonda ndi wokhazikika komanso wodalirika.

3. kutembenuka

Pofuna kukwaniritsa zofunikira pa malo ogwiritsira ntchito zida zolondola kwambiri, ma blocks a gear onse amakonzedwa ndi ma CNC lathes, omwe amamangiriridwa ndi makina popanda kugayidwanso kwa chida chozungulira. Kukonza kwa m'mimba mwa dzenje, nkhope yomaliza ndi m'mimba mwake wakunja kumachitika nthawi imodzi pogwiritsa ntchito clamping imodzi, zomwe sizimangotsimikizira kuti zofunikira za dzenje lamkati ndi nkhope yomaliza ndi zolondola, komanso zimawonetsetsa kuti ma blocks ang'onoang'ono a ma blocks akuluakulu ndi ochulukirapo. Chifukwa chake, kulondola kwa ma blocks kumawonjezeka ndipo mtundu wa machining wa magiya otsatira umatsimikizika. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa machining a NC lathe kumachepetsanso kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zida ndipo kumakhala ndi ndalama zambiri.

4. chogwirira ndi chopangira zida

Makina ogwiritsira ntchito zida wamba komanso zida zosinthira zida zimagwiritsidwabe ntchito kwambiri pokonza zida. Ngakhale kuti n'zosavuta kusintha ndi kusamalira, mphamvu yopangira imakhala yochepa. Ngati mphamvu zambiri zatha, makina angapo amafunika kupangidwa nthawi imodzi. Ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo wopaka utoto, ndikosavuta kwambiri kupukutanso ma hobs ndi ma plunger pambuyo popera. Nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito zida zopaka utoto imatha kusinthidwa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri ndi zoposa 90%, kuchepetsa bwino kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa zida ndi nthawi yopera, ndi phindu lalikulu.

5. kumeta

Ukadaulo wometa zida zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito ma radial gear umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zida zamagalimoto ambiri chifukwa cha kugwira ntchito bwino komanso kukwaniritsa mosavuta zofunikira pakusintha kwa mbiri ya dzino ndi momwe dzino limayendera. Kuyambira pomwe kampaniyo idagula makina apadera ometa zida zamagetsi ochokera ku kampani yaku Italy kuti asinthe ukadaulo mu 1995, wakhala wokhwima pakugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu, ndipo khalidwe lokonza ndi lokhazikika komanso lodalirika.

6. chithandizo cha kutentha

Magiya a magalimoto amafunika kuyikidwa mu carburing ndi kuzimitsa kuti zitsimikizire kuti ali ndi mphamvu zabwino zamakina. Zipangizo zokhazikika komanso zodalirika zoyeretsera kutentha ndizofunikira pazinthu zomwe sizikuphwanyidwanso magiya pambuyo poyeretsera kutentha. Kampaniyo yayambitsa njira yopangira magiya a German Lloyd's yopititsira patsogolo kuzizimitsa ndi kuzimitsa, yomwe yapeza zotsatira zabwino zoyeretsera kutentha.

7. kupukusa

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kumalizitsa dzenje lamkati la zida zotenthetsera, nkhope yomaliza, mainchesi akunja a shaft ndi zina kuti akonze kulondola kwa miyeso ndikuchepetsa kulolerana kwa geometric.

Kukonza zida kumagwiritsa ntchito chogwirira cha pitch circle kuti chiyike ndi kukanikiza, zomwe zingatsimikizire bwino kulondola kwa makina a dzino ndi momwe zimakhazikitsidwira, ndikupeza mtundu wazinthu zomwe zakwaniritsidwa.

8. kumaliza

Izi ndi zowunikira ndikutsuka ma bumps ndi ma burrs pazigawo za giya la axle ya transmission ndi drive musanayike, kuti muchotse phokoso ndi phokoso losazolowereka lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi izi mutayike. Mvetserani phokoso kudzera mu single pair engagement kapena onani engagement deviation pa comprehensive tester. Zigawo za transmission housing zopangidwa ndi kampani yopanga zimaphatikizapo clutch housing, transmission housing ndi differential housing. Clutch housing ndi transmission housing ndi zigawo zonyamula katundu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi die-casting alloy ya aluminiyamu kudzera mu die casting yapadera. Mawonekedwe ake ndi osakhazikika komanso ovuta. Njira yonse yoyendetsera ntchito ndi kugaya pamwamba pa joint → machining process eases ndi ma connecting eases → rough boring bearing ears → fine boring bearing ears ndi kupeza ma pin eases → kuyeretsa → leak test and detection.

Magawo ndi zofunikira za zida zodulira zida

Magiya amawonongeka kwambiri akamayikidwa ndi kuzimitsidwa. Makamaka magiya akuluakulu, kusintha kwa mawonekedwe a bwalo lakunja lozimitsidwa ndi kuzimitsidwa ndi dzenje lamkati nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri. Komabe, potembenuza bwalo lakunja la giya lozimitsidwa ndi kuzimitsidwa, palibe chida choyenera. Chida cha bn-h20 chomwe chinapangidwa ndi "Valin superhard" chosinthira mwamphamvu chitsulo chozimitsidwa chakonza kusintha kwa bwalo lakunja la giya lozimitsidwa ndi kuzimitsidwa, ndipo chapeza chida choyenera chodulira mobwerezabwereza, chapanga chitukuko padziko lonse lapansi pankhani yodula mobwerezabwereza ndi zida zolimba.

Kusintha kwa magiya ndi kutseka kwa magiya: Kusintha kwa magiya ndi kutseka kwa magiya kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kupsinjika komwe kumapangidwa panthawi yopangira makina, kupsinjika kwa kutentha ndi kupsinjika kwa kapangidwe kake komwe kumachitika panthawi yotenthetsera, komanso kusintha kwa kulemera kwa ntchito. Makamaka pa mphete zazikulu za magiya ndi magiya, mphete zazikulu za magiya zimawonjezeranso kusintha kwa magiya ndi kutseka chifukwa cha modulus yawo yayikulu, gawo lozama la magiya, nthawi yayitali ya magiya ndi kulemera kwawo. Lamulo la kusintha kwa magiya akuluakulu: m'mimba mwake wakunja kwa bwalo lowonjezera likuwonetsa chizolowezi chomveka bwino cha kupindika, koma poyang'ana m'lifupi mwa dzino la shaft ya magiya, pakati pawo pachepa, ndipo malekezero awiriwo amakulitsidwa pang'ono. Lamulo la kusintha kwa magiya: Pambuyo pa kusintha kwa magiya ndi kutseka, m'mimba mwake wakunja wa mphete yayikulu ya magiya udzatupa. Pamene m'lifupi mwa dzino pali kusiyana, komwe kumayang'ana m'lifupi mwa dzino kudzakhala kozungulira kapena ng'oma ya m'chiuno.

Kutembenuza magiya pambuyo pa kuwotcha ndi kuzimitsa: kusintha kwa mphete ya giya kudzera mu carburing kumatha kulamulidwa ndikuchepetsedwa pang'ono, koma sikungapeweke kwathunthu. Kuti mukonze kusintha kwa magiya pambuyo pa carburing ndi kuzimitsa, apa pali nkhani yayifupi yokhudza kuthekera kotembenuza ndi kudula zida pambuyo pa carburing ndi kuzimitsa.

Kutembenuza bwalo lakunja, dzenje lamkati ndi nkhope yomaliza mutagwiritsa ntchito kabati ndi kuzimitsa: kutembenuza ndiyo njira yosavuta yokonzera kusintha kwa bwalo lakunja ndi dzenje lamkati la zida zozungulira zophimbidwa ndi kuzimitsa. Kale, chida chilichonse, kuphatikiza zida zakunja zolimba, sichingathe kuthetsa vuto lodula bwalo lakunja la zida zophimbidwa mwamphamvu. Valin superhard adapemphedwa kuti achite kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha zida, "Kudula chitsulo cholimba nthawi zonse kwakhala vuto lovuta, osatchulanso chitsulo cholimba cha pafupifupi HRC60, ndipo gawo la kusintha kwake ndi lalikulu. Mukagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cholimba mwachangu kwambiri, ngati chogwirira ntchitocho chili ndi kudula kosasinthasintha, chidacho chidzamaliza ntchito yokonza ndi ma shock opitilira 100 pamphindi imodzi mukagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cholimba, chomwe ndi vuto lalikulu ku kukana kwa chidacho." Akatswiri a bungwe la mpeni la ku China akunena choncho. Pambuyo pa chaka chimodzi cha mayeso obwerezabwereza, Valin superhard yayambitsa mtundu wa chida chodulira cholimba kwambiri cha Kutembenuza Chitsulo Cholimba popanda kupitirira; Kuyesera kotembenuza kumachitika pa bwalo lakunja la zida mutagwiritsa ntchito kabati ndi kuzimitsa.

Yesani kutembenuza giya yozungulira mutatha kuyika ndi kuzimitsa

Giya lalikulu (giya la mphete) linasokonekera kwambiri pambuyo poika kabati ndi kuzimitsa. Kusintha kwa bwalo lakunja la giya la mphete ya gear kunali mpaka 2mm, ndipo kuuma pambuyo pozimitsa kunali hrc60-65. Panthawiyo, zinali zovuta kwa kasitomala kupeza chopukusira chachikulu cha mainchesi, ndipo ndalama zogwirira ntchito zinali zambiri, ndipo mphamvu yopukusira inali yochepa kwambiri. Pomaliza, giya lozimitsa ndi kuzimitsa linasinthidwa.

Liwiro lodulira mzere: 50–70m/min, kuya kwa kudula: 1.5–2mm, mtunda wodulira: 0.15-0.2mm/ Revolution (yosinthidwa malinga ndi zofunikira za roughness)

Mukatembenuza giya lozimitsidwa, makinawo amatsirizidwa nthawi imodzi. Chida choyambirira cha ceramic chomwe chinatumizidwa kunja chimangokonzedwa kangapo kuti chichepetse kusintha kwa zinthu. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwa kwa m'mphepete ndi kwakukulu, ndipo mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito chidacho ndi wokwera kwambiri.

Zotsatira za mayeso a zida: zimapirira kugwedezeka kwambiri kuposa chida choyambirira cha silicon nitride ceramic chomwe chinatumizidwa kunja, ndipo nthawi yake yogwirira ntchito ndi nthawi 6 kuposa chida cha silicon nitride ceramic pamene kuya kwa kudula kumawonjezeka ndi nthawi zitatu! Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa kudula kumawonjezeka ndi nthawi zitatu (kale kunkadulidwa katatu, koma tsopano kwatha nthawi imodzi). Kukhwima kwa pamwamba pa workpiece kumakwaniritsanso zofunikira za wogwiritsa ntchito. Chinthu chamtengo wapatali kwambiri ndichakuti mawonekedwe omaliza a chida si m'mphepete wosweka wodetsa nkhawa, koma kuvala kwabwinobwino kwa nkhope yakumbuyo. Kuyesera kumeneku kosintha kwa zida zozungulira kunaswa nthano yakuti zida zolimba kwambiri mumakampani sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazitsulo zolimba zozungulira zozungulira! Zapangitsa chidwi chachikulu m'magulu a akatswiri odulira zida!

Kumaliza kwa dzenje lolimba lamkati mwa zida pambuyo pozimitsa

Potengera kudula kwa dzenje lamkati la zida ndi mzere wamafuta mwachitsanzo: nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito chida chodulira choyesera imafika mamita opitilira 8000, ndipo kumaliza kuli mkati mwa Ra0.8; Ngati chida cholimba kwambiri chokhala ndi m'mphepete wopukutira chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, kumaliza kozungulira kwa chitsulo cholimba kumatha kufika pafupifupi Ra0.4. Ndipo nthawi yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito chida ingapezeke.

Kukonza mbali ya zida zomangira pambuyo pozimitsa ndi kuzimitsa

Monga momwe zimakhalira nthawi zambiri pogwiritsira ntchito "kutembenuza m'malo mopera", tsamba la cubic boron nitride lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga makina otembenuza giya mwamphamvu pambuyo potentha. Poyerekeza ndi kupera, kutembenuza kolimba kumawonjezera kwambiri magwiridwe antchito.

Pa magiya opangidwa ndi carburing ndi quenched, zofunikira pa zodulira zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri. Choyamba, kudula nthawi ndi nthawi kumafuna kuuma kwambiri, kukana kugwedezeka, kulimba, kukana kusweka, kuuma pamwamba ndi zina zomwe zili ndi zidazo.

mwachidule:

Potembenuza pambuyo pozimitsa ndi kuzimitsa komanso potembenuza mbali yomaliza, zida wamba zolumikizirana za cubic boron nitride zakhala zikutchuka. Komabe, pakusintha kwa mawonekedwe a bwalo lakunja ndi dzenje lamkati la mphete yayikulu ya giya yozimitsidwa ndi yozimitsidwa, nthawi zonse zimakhala zovuta kuzimitsa kusinthaku ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu. Kutembenuza kosalekeza kwa chitsulo chozimitsidwa ndi chida cha Valin superhard bn-h20 cubic boron nitride ndi kupita patsogolo kwakukulu mumakampani opanga zida, komwe kumathandiza kukweza kwambiri njira ya "kutembenuza m'malo mopera" mumakampani opanga zida, komanso kupeza yankho la vuto la zida zozimitsira za cylindrical zomwe zakhala zikusokonezeka kwa zaka zambiri. Ndikofunikiranso kufupikitsa kuzungulira kopangira mphete ya giya ndikuchepetsa mtengo wopanga; Zodulira za Bn-h20 zimadziwika kuti ndi chitsanzo cha dziko lonse cha chitsulo chozimitsidwa champhamvu chozungulira chosasinthasintha mumakampani.