The shaft ya giyandi gawo lofunika kwambiri lothandizira komanso lozungulira pamakina omanga, lomwe limatha kukwaniritsa mayendedwe ozungulira amagiyandi zigawo zina, ndipo zimatha kutumiza mphamvu ndi mphamvu pa mtunda wautali. Ili ndi ubwino wokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zotumizira, nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito komanso kapangidwe kakang'ono. Yagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo yakhala imodzi mwa magawo ofunikira kwambiri otumizira makina omanga. Pakadali pano, chifukwa cha kukula kwachuma cha m'dziko komanso kufalikira kwa zomangamanga, padzakhala kufunikira kwatsopano kwa makina omanga. Kusankha zinthu za shaft ya giya, njira yotenthetsera kutentha, kukhazikitsa ndi kusintha kwa chogwirira ntchito, magawo a njira yophikira, ndi chakudya ndizofunikira kwambiri pa khalidwe ndi moyo wa shaft ya giya. Pepalali likuchita kafukufuku wapadera pa ukadaulo wogwiritsira ntchito shaft ya giya mu makina omanga malinga ndi momwe amachitira, ndipo likupereka kapangidwe koyenera kokonzanso, komwe kumapereka chithandizo champhamvu chaukadaulo chowongolera ukadaulo wogwiritsira ntchito shaft ya giya yaukadaulo.

Kusanthula pa Ukadaulo Wokonza Zinthu waShaft ya Zidamu Makina Omanga

Kuti kafukufuku ayende bwino, pepalali limasankha shaft ya giya yolowera mumakina omanga, kutanthauza kuti, zigawo za shaft zokhazikika, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ma splines, malo ozungulira, malo a arc, mapewa, ma grooves, ma ring grooves, ma gear ndi mitundu ina yosiyanasiyana. Mawonekedwe a geometric pamwamba ndi geometric entity. Zofunikira zolondola za ma shaft a giya nthawi zambiri zimakhala zapamwamba, ndipo vuto lokonza ndi lalikulu, kotero maulalo ofunikira mu njira yokonza ayenera kusankhidwa ndi kufufuzidwa bwino, monga zipangizo, ma splines akunja osakhudzidwa, zizindikiro, kukonza mbiri ya mano, kutentha, ndi zina zotero. Pofuna kutsimikizira mtengo ndi kukonza kwa shaft ya giya, njira zosiyanasiyana zofunika pakukonza shaft ya giya zikuwunikidwa pansipa.

Kusankha zinthushaft ya giya

Ma shaft a magiya mu makina opatsira nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zitsulo 45 mu chitsulo cha kaboni chapamwamba, 40Cr, 20CrMnTi mu chitsulo cha alloy, ndi zina zotero. Kawirikawiri, imakwaniritsa zofunikira za mphamvu ya chipangizocho, ndipo kukana kutopa kumakhala bwino, ndipo mtengo wake ndi woyenera.

Ukadaulo wovuta wa makina opangira zinthu shaft ya giya

Chifukwa cha mphamvu zambiri za shaft ya giya, kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chozungulira popangira makina mwachindunji kumafuna zipangizo zambiri komanso ntchito, kotero ma forging nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo opanda kanthu, ndipo ma free forging angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa ma gear shaft okhala ndi kukula kwakukulu; Ma Die forging; nthawi zina ma gear ang'onoang'ono ena amatha kupangidwa kukhala malo opanda kanthu ndi shaft. Pakupanga opanda kanthu, ngati malo opanda kanthu ndi free forging, kukonza kwake kuyenera kutsatira muyezo wa GB/T15826; ngati malo opanda kanthu ndi ma die forging, ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito machining ziyenera kutsatira muyezo wa GB/T12362. Ma forging blanks ayenera kupewa zolakwika zopanga monga tirigu wosafanana, ming'alu, ndi ming'alu, ndipo ayenera kuyesedwa mogwirizana ndi miyezo yoyenera ya dziko lonse yowunikira ma forging.

Chithandizo choyambirira cha kutentha ndi njira yosinthira malo opanda kanthu

Malo opanda kanthu okhala ndi magiya ambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala achitsulo chapamwamba kwambiri cha kaboni ndi chitsulo cha alloy. Pofuna kuonjezera kuuma kwa zinthuzo ndikuthandizira kukonza, chithandizo cha kutentha chimagwiritsa ntchito chithandizo cha kutentha chokhazikika, chomwe ndi: njira yokhazikika, kutentha kwa 960 ℃, kuzizira kwa mpweya, ndipo kuuma kumakhalabe HB170-207. Kukhazikitsa chithandizo cha kutentha kokhazikika kungathandizenso kukonza tirigu, kapangidwe ka kristalo kofanana, ndikuchotsa kupsinjika kwa kupanga, komwe kumayika maziko a chithandizo cha kutentha chotsatira.

Cholinga chachikulu cha kutembenuza mozungulira ndikudula gawo la makina pamwamba pa malo opanda kanthu, ndipo njira yopangira makina pamwamba pa malo akuluakulu imadalira kusankha kwa malo oikira magawo. Makhalidwe a magawo a giya shaft okha ndi zofunikira zolondola za pamwamba pa chilichonse zimakhudzidwa ndi malo oikira. Zigawo za giya shaft nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito mzere ngati malo oikira, kuti malo oikirawo athe kugwirizanitsidwa ndi malo oikira. Pakupanga kwenikweni, bwalo lakunja limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo oikira, mabowo apamwamba kumapeto onse a giya shaft amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo oikira molondola, ndipo cholakwikacho chimayendetsedwa mkati mwa 1/3 mpaka 1/5 ya cholakwika cha dimensional.

Pambuyo pokonzekera kutentha, malo opanda kanthu amazunguliridwa kapena kuphwanyidwa mbali zonse ziwiri (mogwirizana ndi mzere), kenako mabowo apakati mbali zonse ziwiri amalembedwa chizindikiro, ndipo mabowo apakati mbali zonse ziwiri amabowoledwa, kenako bwalo lakunja limatha kuphwanyidwa.

Ukadaulo wa Machining wa Kumaliza Outer Circle

Njira yozungulira bwino ndi iyi: bwalo lakunja limazunguliridwa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito mabowo apamwamba kumapeto onse a shaft ya giya. Mu njira yeniyeni yopangira, ma shaft a giya amapangidwa m'magulu. Pofuna kukonza bwino ntchito yopangira ndi kukonza bwino ma shaft a giya, nthawi zambiri kuzunguliridwa kwa CNC kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, kotero kuti mtundu wa ntchito zonse uzitha kuwongoleredwa kudzera mu pulogalamuyi, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, zimatsimikiziridwa kuti ntchito yopangira ma batch ikuyenda bwino.

Zigawo zomalizidwa zimatha kuzimitsidwa ndi kutenthedwa malinga ndi malo ogwirira ntchito komanso zofunikira zaukadaulo za zigawozo, zomwe zingakhale maziko a kuzimitsidwa kwa pamwamba ndi chithandizo cha nitriding pamwamba, ndikuchepetsa kusintha kwa chithandizo cha pamwamba. Ngati kapangidwe kake sikafuna chithandizo cha kuzimitsidwa ndi kutenthedwa, kakhoza kulowa mwachindunji mu ndondomeko ya hobbing.

Ukadaulo wa Machining wa Gear Shaft Tooth ndi Spline

Pa makina opatsira magetsi, magiya ndi ma spline ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri potumiza mphamvu ndi torque, ndipo zimafuna kulondola kwambiri. Magiya nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kulondola kwa giredi 7-9. Pa magiya omwe ali ndi kulondola kwa giredi 9, magiya onse odulira magiya ndi magiya odulira amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira za magiya, koma kulondola kwa makina odulira magiya ndi kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa kupanga magiya, ndipo chimodzimodzi ndi chowonadi pakugwira bwino ntchito; Magiya omwe amafunikira kulondola kwa giredi 8 amatha kudulidwa kaye kapena kumetedwa, kenako kukonzedwa ndi mano odulira; pa magiya olondola kwambiri a giredi 7, njira zosiyanasiyana zokonzera ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito malinga ndi kukula kwa gulu. Ngati ndi gulu laling'ono kapena chidutswa chimodzi. Pakupanga, ikhoza kukonzedwa malinga ndi kupukuta (grooving), kenako kudzera mu kutentha ndi kuzimitsa kwa induction pafupipafupi komanso njira zina zochizira pamwamba, ndipo potsiriza kudzera mu njira yopera kuti mukwaniritse zofunikira zolondola; ngati ndi kukonza kwakukulu, choyamba kupukuta, kenako kumeta. , kenako kutentha ndi kuzimitsa kwa induction pafupipafupi, kenako kuyeretsa. Pa magiya omwe ali ndi zofunikira zozimitsira, ayenera kukonzedwa pamlingo wapamwamba kuposa mulingo wolondola wa makina womwe umafunika ndi zojambulazo.

Ma spline a gear shaft nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mitundu iwiri: ma spline a rectangular ndi ma spline a involute. Pa ma spline omwe ali ndi zofunikira kwambiri, mano ogudubuza ndi mano opukutira amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pakadali pano, ma spline a involute ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina omanga, okhala ndi ngodya ya 30°. Komabe, ukadaulo wokonza ma spline akuluakulu a gear shaft ndi wovuta ndipo umafuna makina apadera opukutira; kukonza pang'ono kungagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mbale yolozera imakonzedwa ndi katswiri wapadera wokhala ndi makina opukutira.

Kukambirana za Kukonza Mano Pamwamba pa Carburing kapena Ukadaulo Wofunika Wothetsera Kuzimitsa Mano Pamwamba

Pamwamba pa shaft ya gear ndi pamwamba pa shaft yofunikira nthawi zambiri pamafunika kukonzedwa pamwamba, ndipo njira zotsukira pamwamba zimaphatikizapo kukonzedwa kwa carburing ndi kuzimitsa pamwamba. Cholinga cha kuuma pamwamba ndi kukonzedwa kwa carburing ndikupangitsa kuti pamwamba pa shaft pakhale kuuma kwambiri komanso kukana kuwonongeka. Mphamvu, kulimba ndi pulasitiki, nthawi zambiri mano opindika, mipata, ndi zina zotero sizifunikira kukonzedwanso pamwamba, ndipo zimafunika kukonzedwanso kwina, choncho ikani utoto musanazimitse carburing kapena kuzimitsa pamwamba, mukamaliza kukonza pamwamba, gwirani pang'ono kenako nkugwa, kukonzedwa kwa shaft kuyenera kulabadira mphamvu ya zinthu monga kutentha kowongolera, liwiro lozizira, malo ozizira, ndi zina zotero. Mukamaliza kuzimitsa, yang'anani ngati yapindika kapena yolakwika. Ngati kusintha kuli kwakukulu, kuyenera kuchotsedwa ndikuyikidwa kuti kuwonongekenso.

Kusanthula kwa Kupera kwa Mabowo Apakati ndi Njira Zina Zofunikira Zomalizitsa Pamwamba

Pambuyo poti shaft ya giya yakonzedwa pamwamba, ndikofunikira kupukuta mabowo apamwamba kumapeto onse awiri, ndikugwiritsa ntchito pamwamba pa nthaka ngati chizindikiro chabwino popukuta malo ena ofunikira akunja ndi kumapeto. Mofananamo, pogwiritsa ntchito mabowo apamwamba kumapeto onse awiri ngati chizindikiro chabwino, malizitsani kukonza malo ofunikira pafupi ndi mlatho mpaka zofunikira zojambula zitakwaniritsidwa.

Kusanthula kwa Njira Yomaliza Kuphimba Dzino

Kumaliza pamwamba pa dzino kumatenganso mabowo apamwamba kumapeto onse awiri ngati chizindikiro chomaliza, ndipo kumaphwanya pamwamba pa dzino ndi ziwalo zina mpaka zofunikira zolondola zitakwaniritsidwa.

Kawirikawiri, njira yopangira magiya a makina omangira ndi iyi: kupukuta, kupangira, kusinthasintha, kutembenuza mozungulira, kutembenuza bwino, kupukuta mozungulira, kupukuta bwino, kupukuta bwino, kupukuta, kuchotsa ma spline, kutseka pamwamba kapena kupukuta, kupukuta mabowo apakati, kupukuta kofunikira kwakunja ndi kupukuta nkhope kumapeto. Zinthu zopukutira zakunja kofunikira pafupi ndi groove yozungulira zimawunikidwa ndikusungidwa.

Pambuyo pa chidule cha machitidwe, njira yamakono yogwirira ntchito ndi zofunikira pa njira yogwirira ntchito ya shaft ya gear ndi monga momwe zasonyezedwera pamwambapa, koma ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale amakono, njira zatsopano ndi ukadaulo watsopano zikupitilira kuonekera ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo njira zakale zikupitilizidwa kukonzedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse. Ukadaulo wogwirira ntchito ukusinthanso nthawi zonse.

Pomaliza

Ukadaulo wokonza magiya umakhudza kwambiri ubwino wa magiya. Kukonzekera kwa ukadaulo uliwonse wa magiya kumakhala ndi ubale wofunikira kwambiri ndi malo ake mu chinthucho, ntchito yake komanso malo a ziwalo zake. Chifukwa chake, kuti zitsimikizire kuti magiya ali bwino, ukadaulo wabwino kwambiri wokonza uyenera kupangidwa. Kutengera ndi zomwe zachitika pakupanga, pepalali limapanga kusanthula kwapadera kwa ukadaulo wokonza magiya. Kudzera mwatsatanetsatane pakusankha zipangizo zokonzera, kukonza pamwamba, kutentha ndi ukadaulo wodula wa magiya, limafotokoza mwachidule machitidwe opangira kuti litsimikizire kuti magiya ali bwino komanso kuti magiya ali bwino. Ukadaulo wabwino kwambiri wokonza umapereka chithandizo chofunikira chaukadaulo pakukonza magiya, komanso umapereka chidziwitso chabwino pakukonza zinthu zina zofanana.