China ndi dziko lalikulu lopanga zinthu, makamaka loyendetsedwa ndi funde la chitukuko cha chuma cha dziko, mafakitale okhudzana ndi kupanga ku China apeza zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. M'makampani amakina, magiya ndiye zinthu zofunika kwambiri komanso zofunikira kwambiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana azachuma chadziko. Kukula kwamphamvu kwamakampani opanga zida zaku China kwapangitsa kuti msika wa zida zamagetsi upite patsogolo.

Pakadali pano, luso lodziyimira pawokha lakhala mutu waukulu wamakampani opanga zida zamagetsi, ndipo zabweretsanso nthawi yokonzanso. Masiku ano, kupanga mwanzeru kwakhala lamulo latsopano lolimbikitsidwa ndi boma. Makampani opanga zida ali ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika komanso magulu akulu, ndipo ndikosavuta kuzindikira kusinthika kupita kumayendedwe anzeru. Titha kunena kuti vuto lalikulu lamakampani opanga zida zamakono ndikufunika kofulumira kusintha momwe amapangira ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa makina opanga mafakitole.

Choyamba, kukula kwa mafakitale aku China

Makampani opanga zida ndi gawo lalikulu lamakampani opanga zida zaku China. Ili ndi kulumikizana kwakukulu kwamafakitale, mayamwidwe amphamvu pantchito, komanso ndalama zambiri zamaukadaulo. Ndi chitsimikizo chofunikira kuti makampani opanga zida akwaniritse kukweza kwa mafakitale ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo.

Pambuyo pazaka 30 zachitukuko, makampani opanga zida za ku China adaphatikizidwa mokwanira m'gulu lothandizira padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo apanga makina opanga mafakitale padziko lonse lapansi. Idazindikira kale kusinthika kuchokera kumapeto mpaka kumapeto, dongosolo laukadaulo wamagetsi ndi makina aukadaulo wamagetsi adapangidwa. Makampani a njinga zamoto, magalimoto, magetsi opangidwa ndi mphepo ndi makina omanga ndizomwe zimathandizira pakukula kwa mafakitale a zida za dziko langa. Motsogozedwa ndi mafakitale okhudzana ndi izi, kuchuluka kwa ndalama zamakampani opanga zida kukuwonetsa kukula kwachangu, ndipo kukula kwamakampani opanga zida kukukulirakulira. Deta ikuwonetsa kuti mu 2016, mtengo wotuluka pamsika wamagetsi akudziko langa unali pafupifupi 230 biliyoni ya yuan, kukhala woyamba padziko lonse lapansi. Mu 2017, mtengo wazinthu zamagiya udafika 236 biliyoni ya yuan, kuwonjezeka kwachaka ndi 7.02%, kuwerengera pafupifupi 61% ya kuchuluka kwazinthu zonse zamakina.

Malinga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, makampani opanga zida amatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: zida zamagalimoto, zida zamakampani ndi zida zankhondo; ntchito zopangira zida zamagalimoto zimaphatikizapo magalimoto osiyanasiyana, njinga zamoto, makina omanga, makina aulimi ndi magalimoto ankhondo, ndi zina zambiri; ntchito zopangira zida zamafakitale,Minda yamagiya am'mafakitale imaphatikizapo zam'madzi, migodi, zitsulo, ndege, mphamvu yamagetsi, ndi zina zotero, zida zapadera zimakhala zida zopangira zida monga zida zapadera zamagiya, zida zodulira ndi zina zotero.

Pamsika waukulu wamagiya waku China, gawo la msika wamagiya agalimoto limafikira 62%, ndipo magiya aku mafakitale amakhala 38%. Mwa iwo, magiya amgalimoto amakhala 62% ya magiya agalimoto, ndiye kuti, 38% ya msika wonse wamagiya, ndipo magiya ena amagalimoto amawerengera magiya onse. 24% ya msika.

Malinga ndi kupanga, pali mabizinesi opitilira 5,000 opanga zida, mabizinesi opitilira 1,000 pamwamba pa kukula kwake, ndi mabizinesi opitilira 300. Malinga ndi kalasi yazinthu zamagiya, gawo lazinthu zapamwamba, zapakatikati komanso zotsika ndi pafupifupi 35%, 35% ndi 30%;

Pankhani yothandizira ndondomeko, "National Medium- and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Plan Outline (2006-2020)", "Plan for Adjustment and Revitalization of Equipment Manufacturing Industry", "Mapulani a Zaka khumi ndi Ziwiri za Zaka zisanu za Machinery Basic Parts, Basic Manufacturing Technology and Basic Materials Industry” “Development Plan” ndi “Maupangiri a Implementation of Industrial Strong Foundation Projects (2016-2020)” zatulutsidwa motsatizana, zomwe zathandiza kwambiri kulimbikitsa ukadaulo wa zida ndi kafukufuku wazinthu ndi chitukuko komanso kukula kwawo kwa mafakitale.

Pakuwona kwa ogula, magiya amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamagalimoto osiyanasiyana, njinga zamoto, magalimoto aulimi, zida zopangira magetsi, zida zomangira zitsulo, makina omanga, zombo, zida zoyendera njanji ndi maloboti. Zidazi zimafuna kulondola kwambiri, kudalirika, kutumiza mwachangu komanso moyo wautali wautumiki wa magiya ndi magiya. Kuchokera pakuwona mtengo wa magiya (kuphatikiza zida zamagiya), magiya osiyanasiyana amawerengera kuposa 60%, ndipo magiya ena amakhala osakwana 40%. Mu 2017, opanga magalimoto osiyanasiyana adatulutsa ndikugulitsa magalimoto pafupifupi 29 miliyoni, okhala ndi ma transmissions apamanja, ma transmissions, ma axle oyendetsa ndi zinthu zina zamagiya pafupifupi 140 biliyoni. Mu 2017, 126.61GW ya mphamvu yopangira magetsi yatsopano idawonjezedwa mdziko lonse. Zina mwa izo, 45.1GW ya mphamvu yotenthetsera yoyikapo, 9.13GW ya mphamvu yoyika mphamvu ya hydropower, 16.23GW yamphamvu yamphepo yolumikizidwa ndi gridi, 53.99GW yamagetsi olumikizidwa ndi grid, ndi 2.16GW yamphamvu yoyika mphamvu ya nyukiliya idawonjezedwa kumene. Zida zopangira magetsizi zili ndi zida zamagetsi monga ma gearbox ochulukitsa liwiro komanso zochepetsera mabiliyoni a yuan.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, mothandizidwa ndi ndondomeko ndi ndalama, luso lamakono la mafakitale lawonjezeka kwambiri. Mabizinesi ena otsogola pamakampani akhazikitsa nsanja za R&D monga malo opangira ukadaulo wamabizinesi apadziko lonse lapansi, malo ogwirira ntchito a postdoctoral, malo ogwirira ntchito amaphunziro, ndi mabungwe ofufuza zamabizinesi, ndikuyika maziko achitukuko chatsopano. Chiwerengero cha ma Patent ovomerezeka ndi apamwamba komanso apamwamba kwambiri, makamaka kuchuluka kwa ma patent opangidwa kwakula kwambiri. Kupambana kwakukulu kwachitika muzochita zasayansi ndiukadaulo, komanso ukadaulo wopanga zida zapamwamba kwambiri monga ma rack olimba a module akulu, ma gearbox olemetsa olemetsa, ndi ma 8AT automatic transmissions a Three Gorges ship lift. wafika pamlingo wapamwamba wapadziko lonse lapansi. Mabizinesi osiyanasiyana amayang'ana magawo osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito malinga ndi mawonekedwe awo komanso zabwino zawo. Bizinesi imodzi imakhala ndi gawo laling'ono pamsika wonse, ndipo msika wa zida zapakhomo ndiwotsika.

2. Chitukuko chamtsogolo chamakampani opanga zida

Kuyika magetsi, kusinthasintha, luntha ndi kulemera kopepuka ndizomwe zimachitika pakupanga zinthu zamtsogolo, zomwe ndizovuta komanso mwayi kwamakampani opanga zida zachikhalidwe.

Kuyika kwamagetsi: Kuyika kwamagetsi kumabweretsa zovuta pakutumizira zida zachikhalidwe. Vuto lomwe limabweretsa ndilakuti: mbali imodzi, kutumizira zida zachikhalidwe kumakwezedwa kukhala kosavuta komanso kopepuka komanso kuthamanga kwambiri, phokoso lotsika, kuchita bwino kwambiri, kulondola kwambiri komanso moyo wautali. Kumbali inayi, imayang'anizana ndi kugwetsa kwa magetsi mwachindunji popanda kutumiza zida. Chifukwa chake, makampani otumizira zida zachikhalidwe sayenera kungophunzira momwe angakwaniritsire zofunikira pakuyika magetsi pakuwongolera phokoso lamagetsi othamanga kwambiri (≥15000rpm), apeze mwayi wakukulira kwamagetsi atsopano opangidwa ndi kukula kwamphamvu kwamagetsi komwe kulipo. magalimoto, komanso kulabadira kwambiri za m'tsogolo. Chiwopsezo chosinthika chaukadaulo waukadaulo wopanda zida zamagetsi zamagetsi komanso ukadaulo wotumizira ma elekitiroma kumakampani opanga zida zachikhalidwe ndi zida zamagiya.

Kusinthasintha: M'tsogolomu, mpikisano wamsika udzakhala wosangalatsa kwambiri, ndipo kufunikira kwa zinthu kudzakhala kosiyana ndi kosiyana, koma kufunikira kwa chinthu chimodzi sikungakhale kwakukulu. Monga gawo lalikulu lamakampani opanga zida, makampani opanga zida amayenera kukumana ndi magawo ambiri akumunsi. Kusiyanasiyana kopanga zinthu komanso kuchita bwino kumabweretsa zofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti mabizinesi akhazikitse njira yosinthika yosinthira kuti amalize ntchito zopanga ma batch amitundu yosiyanasiyana kudzera pakusintha zida pamzere womwewo wopangira, womwe sumangokwaniritsa zofunikira zamitundu ingapo, komanso umachepetsa kutsika kwa zida. msonkhano ndipo amazindikira kupanga kusinthasintha. , kuti apange mpikisano waukulu wamakampani.

Intelligentization: Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwaukadaulo wowongolera pamakina kumapangitsa makinawo kukhala odzipangira okha; kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ukadaulo wowongolera, ukadaulo wazidziwitso, komanso ukadaulo wapaintaneti zimapangitsa makina ndi kupanga nzeru. Kwa mabizinesi opanga zida zachikhalidwe, vuto ndi momwe angapangire luntha uinjiniya wamagetsi, uinjiniya wamagetsi, ukadaulo wowongolera, ukadaulo wapaintaneti komanso kuphatikiza.

Zopepuka: Zida zopepuka komanso zamphamvu kwambiri, kuchepetsa kulemera kwa kapangidwe kake ndi kusinthika kwapamtunda ndi kulimbikitsa zimafunikira mgwirizano pakati pamakampani ndiukadaulo wapamwamba woyerekeza.