China ndi dziko lalikulu lopanga zinthu, makamaka chifukwa cha chitukuko cha zachuma cha dziko, mafakitale okhudzana ndi kupanga zinthu ku China apeza zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Mu makampani opanga makina,magiyandi zinthu zofunika kwambiri komanso zosafunikira, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana a chuma cha dziko. Kukula kwamphamvu kwa makampani opanga zinthu ku China kwapangitsa kuti makampani opanga zida apite patsogolo mwachangu.

Pakadali pano, kupanga zinthu zatsopano paokha kwakhala mutu waukulu wazida Makampani, ndipo yayambitsanso nthawi yosintha zinthu. Masiku ano, kupanga zinthu mwanzeru kwakhala mfundo yatsopano yomwe boma limalimbikitsa. Makampani opanga zida ali ndi makhalidwe ofanana ndi magulu akuluakulu, ndipo n'zosavuta kusintha kupita ku njira yanzeru. Tikhoza kunena kuti vuto lalikulu la makampani opanga zida zamakono ndikufunika kofulumira kusintha njira yopangira ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa makina odziyimira pawokha m'fakitale.

Choyamba, momwe zinthu zilili pakukula kwa makampani opanga zida ku China

Makampani opanga zida ndi makampani oyambira opanga zida ku China. Ali ndi mgwirizano waukulu wa mafakitale, ntchito zambiri, komanso ndalama zambiri zaukadaulo. Ndi chitsimikizo chofunikira kuti makampani opanga zida akwaniritse kukweza mafakitale ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo.

Pambuyo pa zaka 30 za chitukuko, dziko la Chinazida Makampani aphatikizidwa mokwanira mu dongosolo lothandizira padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo apanga dongosolo lathunthu kwambiri la mafakitale padziko lonse lapansi. M'mbuyomu, lasintha kuchoka pa njira yotsika kupita ku yapakati, njira yokhazikika yaukadaulo wa zida ndi njira yokhazikika yaukadaulo wa zida. Makampani opanga njinga zamoto, magalimoto, mphamvu ya mphepo ndi makina omanga ndi omwe akutsogolera chitukuko cha makampani opanga zida mdziko langa. Motsogozedwa ndi mafakitale ena ofanana, kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe makampani opanga zida akupeza zikuwonetsa kukula mwachangu, ndipo kukula kwa makampani opanga zida kukupitilira kukula. Deta ikuwonetsa kuti mu 2016, mtengo wa malonda pamsika wa makampani opanga zida mdziko langa unali pafupifupi 230 biliyoni yuan, womwe unali woyamba padziko lonse lapansi. Mu 2017, mtengo wa malonda a zida unafika pa 236 biliyoni yuan, kuwonjezeka kwa 7.02% pachaka, komwe kumapanga pafupifupi 61% ya mtengo wonse wazinthu zonse zamakanika.

Malinga ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zinthu, makampani opanga zida zamagetsi amatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: zida zamagalimoto, zida zamafakitale ndi zida zinazake; ntchito zamagalimoto zimaphatikizapo magalimoto osiyanasiyana, njinga zamoto, makina omanga, makina azolimo ndi magalimoto ankhondo, ndi zina zotero; ntchito zamagalimoto zamafakitale, Magawo a zida zamafakitale ndi monga za m'madzi, migodi, zitsulo, ndege, mphamvu zamagetsi, ndi zina zotero, zida zapadera zamagalimoto makamaka ndi zida zopangira zida monga zida zapadera zama makina opangira zida, zida zodulira ndi zina zotero.

Mu msika waukulu wa zida zamagalimoto ku China, gawo la msika wa zida zamagalimoto limafika pa 62%, ndipo zida zamafakitale ndi 38%. Pakati pawo, zida zamagalimoto ndi 62% ya zida zamagalimoto, kutanthauza 38% ya msika wonse wa zida zamagalimoto, ndipo zida zina zamagalimoto ndi 24% ya msika wonse.

Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka zinthu, pali makampani opanga zida zoposa 5,000, makampani oposa 1,000 opitirira kukula koyenera, ndi makampani ofunikira oposa 300. Malinga ndi mtundu wa zinthu zopangira zida, chiwerengero cha zinthu zapamwamba, zapakati ndi zotsika mtengo ndi pafupifupi 35%, 35% ndi 30%;

Ponena za chithandizo cha mfundo, "National Medium and Long Term Science and Technology Development Plan Outline (2006-2020)", "Plan for Adjustment and Revitalization of Equipment Manufacturing Industry", "Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Machinery Basic Parts, Basic Manufacturing Technology and Basic Material Industry" "Development Plan" ndi "Malangizo Oyendetsera Mapulojekiti Olimba a Maziko a Zamalonda (2016-2020)" atulutsidwa motsatizana, zomwe zathandiza kwambiri pakulimbikitsa ukadaulo wa zida ndi kafukufuku wazinthu ndi chitukuko chawo komanso kutukuka kwawo.

Malinga ndi maganizo a ogula, magiya amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magalimoto osiyanasiyana, njinga zamoto, magalimoto a zaulimi, zida zopangira magetsi, zida zomangira zitsulo, makina omangira, zombo, zida zoyendera sitima ndi maloboti. Zipangizozi zimafuna kulondola kwambiri, kudalirika, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa magiya ndi zida zamagetsi komanso nthawi yayitali yogwirira ntchito. Malinga ndi kufunika kwa magiya (kuphatikizapo zida zomangira), magiya osiyanasiyana amagalimoto amaposa 60%, ndipo magiya ena amaposa 40%. Mu 2017, opanga magalimoto osiyanasiyana adapanga ndikugulitsa magalimoto pafupifupi 29 miliyoni, okhala ndi ma transmissions amanja, ma transmissions odziyimira pawokha, ma drive axles ndi zinthu zina zamagiya pafupifupi 140 biliyoni yuan. Mu 2017, 126.61GW ya mphamvu yatsopano yopangira magetsi idawonjezedwa mdziko lonselo. Pakati pawo, mphamvu yamagetsi yokwana 45.1GW yoyikidwa, mphamvu yamagetsi yokwana 9.13GW yoyikidwa ndi madzi, mphamvu yamphepo yolumikizidwa ndi gridi ya 16.23GW, mphamvu ya dzuwa yolumikizidwa ndi gridi ya 53.99GW, ndi mphamvu ya nyukiliya ya 2.16GW yoyikidwa ndi magetsi zinawonjezedwanso. Zipangizo zopangira magetsizi zili ndi zida monga ma gearbox owonjezera liwiro ndi zochepetsera ma yuan mabiliyoni ambiri.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, mothandizidwa ndi mfundo ndi ndalama, luso la zatsopano la makampani lawonjezeka kwambiri. Mabizinesi ena otsogola mumakampaniwa akhazikitsa nsanja zatsopano za R&D monga malo aukadaulo amakampani apadziko lonse, malo ogwirira ntchito pambuyo pa zaka zantchito, malo ogwirira ntchito a maphunziro, ndi mabungwe ofufuza zamakampani, zomwe zakhazikitsa maziko a chitukuko chatsopano. Chiwerengero cha ma patent ovomerezeka ndi chapamwamba komanso chapamwamba, makamaka chiwerengero cha ma patent opanga zinthu zatsopano chawonjezeka kwambiri. Zinthu zazikulu zachitika pazachuma zasayansi ndi ukadaulo, ndipo ukadaulo wopanga zinthu zapamwamba monga ma racks olimba a module akulu, ma gearbox akuluakulu a planetary, ndi ma transmissions a 8AT odziyimira pawokha a Three Gorges ship lift wafika pamlingo wapamwamba wapadziko lonse lapansi. Mabizinesi osiyanasiyana amayang'ana kwambiri magawo osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito malinga ndi mawonekedwe awo ndi zabwino zawo. Kampani imodzi imakhala ndi gawo laling'ono la gawo lonse la msika, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zida zapakhomo ndi kochepa.

2. Kukula kwamtsogolo kwa makampani opanga zida

Kuyika magetsi, kusinthasintha, nzeru ndi kulemera kopepuka ndi njira zomwe zikukula zinthu zamtsogolo, zomwe ndi zovuta komanso mwayi kwa makampani azida zamakono.

Kutumiza Magetsi: Kutumiza magetsi kumabweretsa mavuto pa kutumiza zida zachikhalidwe. Vuto lomwe limabweretsa ndi ili: kumbali imodzi, kutumiza zida zachikhalidwe kumasinthidwa kukhala kapangidwe kosavuta komanso kopepuka kokhala ndi liwiro lalikulu, phokoso lochepa, magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, kulondola kwambiri komanso moyo wautali. Kumbali ina, ikukumana ndi kusintha kwa kuyendetsa magetsi mwachindunji popanda kutumiza zida. Chifukwa chake, makampani otumiza zida zachikhalidwe sayenera kungophunzira momwe angakwaniritsire zofunikira zamagetsi kuti azitha kuwongolera phokoso la kutumiza zida pa liwiro lapamwamba kwambiri (≥15000rpm), kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wokulitsa ma transmissions atsopano opangidwa ndi kukula kwa magalimoto amagetsi komwe kukuchitika panopa, komanso kuyang'anitsitsa zamtsogolo. Chiwopsezo chosintha cha ukadaulo wamagetsi wopanda ma gear ndi ukadaulo wotumizira ma electromagnetic kumakampani otumizira zida zachikhalidwe ndi mafakitale otumizira zida.

Kusinthasintha: Mtsogolomu, mpikisano wamsika udzakhala wosangalatsa kwambiri, ndipo kufunikira kwa zinthu kudzasinthasintha komanso kusinthidwa kukhala kwapadera, koma kufunikira kwa chinthu chimodzi sikungakhale kwakukulu kwambiri. Monga makampani oyambira mumakampani opanga zinthu, makampani opanga zida zamagetsi ayenera kukumana ndi magawo ambiri otsikira. Kusiyanasiyana kwa kupanga zinthu ndi magwiridwe antchito kumabweretsa zofunikira zapamwamba. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti mabizinesi akhazikitse njira yosinthira yopangira kuti amalize ntchito zopangira mitundu yosiyanasiyana kudzera mukusintha zida pamzere womwewo, zomwe sizimangokwaniritsa zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, komanso zimachepetsa nthawi yopuma ya mzere wopangira zida ndikukwaniritsa kupanga kosinthasintha. kuti amange mpikisano waukulu wa mabizinesi.

Luntha: Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ukadaulo wowongolera pamakina kumapangitsa makina kukhala odziyimira pawokha; kugwiritsa ntchito kwathunthu ukadaulo wowongolera, ukadaulo wolumikizirana ndi chidziwitso, ndi ukadaulo wa netiweki kumapangitsa makina ndi opanga kukhala anzeru. Kwa makampani opanga zida zachikhalidwe, vuto ndi momwe angapangire nzeru zaukadaulo wamagetsi, uinjiniya wamagetsi, ukadaulo wowongolera, ukadaulo wa netiweki ndi kuphatikiza.

Zopepuka: Zipangizo zopepuka komanso zolimba kwambiri, kuchepetsa kulemera kwa kapangidwe kake ndi kusintha ndi kulimbitsa pamwamba pa chinthu kumafuna mgwirizano pakati pa makampani osiyanasiyana komanso ukadaulo wapamwamba woyeserera.