Zida Zochepetsera Propeller
Zida zochepetsera propeller ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri mu ndege zokhala ndi mainjini a pistoni kapena mainjini a turboprop. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuchepetsa liwiro lalikulu la injini kufika pa liwiro lotsika loyenera kuyendetsa propeller bwino. Kuchepetsa liwiro kumeneku kumathandiza propeller kusintha mphamvu ya injini kukhala mphamvu yogwira bwino ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta azigwira bwino ntchito komanso kuchepetsa phokoso.
Giya yochepetsera propeller imakhala ndi magiya angapo, kuphatikizapo giya yoyendetsera yolumikizidwa ku crankshaft ya injini ndi giya yoyendetsedwa yolumikizidwa ku shaft ya propeller. Magiya awa nthawi zambiri amakhala magiya ozungulira kapena opindika ndipo amapangidwira kuti azilumikizana bwino kuti atumize mphamvu moyenera.
Mu ndege zoyendetsedwa ndi pisitoni, chiŵerengero cha zida zochepetsera nthawi zambiri chimakhala pafupifupi 0.5 mpaka 0.6, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti propeller imazungulira pafupifupi theka kapena kupitirira pang'ono kuposa theka la liwiro la injini. Kuchepetsa liwiro kumeneku kumalola propeller kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, ndikupanga mphamvu yothamanga ndi phokoso lochepa komanso kugwedezeka.
Mu ndege za turboprop, zida zochepetsera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zigwirizane ndi mphamvu ya injini ya turbine ya gasi yothamanga kwambiri ndi liwiro lotsika lozungulira lomwe propeller imafuna. Zida zochepetsera izi zimalola injini za turboprop kugwira ntchito bwino pa liwiro lalikulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ndege ndi ntchito.
Ponseponse, zida zochepetsera ma propeller ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri mu makina oyendetsa ndege, zomwe zimathandiza kuti injini zizigwira ntchito bwino komanso mwakachetechete pamene zikupereka mphamvu yofunikira pakuuluka.
Zida Zokwerera
Zida zotera ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la ndege lomwe limalola kuti inyamuke, itera, komanso ikwere pansi. Lili ndi mawilo, zingwe, ndi njira zina zomwe zimathandiza kulemera kwa ndege ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yokhazikika panthawi yogwira ntchito pansi. Zida zotera nthawi zambiri zimakhala zobwezeka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimatha kukwezedwa mu fuselage ya ndege ikauluka kuti zichepetse kukoka.
Makina olandirira zinthu ali ndi zigawo zingapo zofunika, chilichonse chimagwira ntchito yakeyake:
Zida Zazikulu Zokwerera: Zida zazikulu zokwerera zili pansi pa mapiko ndipo zimathandizira kulemera kwakukulu kwa ndegeyo. Zili ndi gudumu limodzi kapena angapo omangiriridwa ku zingwe zomwe zimatsika kuchokera ku mapiko kapena fuselage.
Zida Zotera Mphuno: Zida zotera m'mphuno zimakhala pansi pa mphuno ya ndege ndipo zimathandizira kutsogolo kwa ndegeyo ikakhala pansi. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi gudumu limodzi lolumikizidwa ku chingwe chomwe chimatsika kuchokera ku fuselage ya ndegeyo.
Zoyamwitsa Nkhanza: Makina a zida zotera nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zoyamwitsa nkhanza kuti achepetse kugwedezeka kwa ndege komanso kugwedezeka pamalo ovuta. Zoyamwitsa zimenezi zimathandiza kuteteza kapangidwe ka ndege ndi zigawo zake kuti zisawonongeke.
Njira Yobweza: Njira yobweza zida zotera imalola zida zotera kukwera mmwamba mu ndegeyo ikamayenda. Njirayi ingakhale ndi ma actuator a hydraulic kapena amagetsi omwe amakweza ndikutsitsa zida zotera.
Dongosolo Loletsa Mabuleki: Zida zolandirira zili ndi mabuleki omwe amalola woyendetsa ndege kuchepetsa liwiro ndikuyimitsa ndege ikafika pansi ndi kukwera taxi. Dongosolo loletsa mabuleki lingakhale ndi zinthu za hydraulic kapena pneumatic zomwe zimayika mphamvu pamawilo kuti achepetse liwiro.
Njira Yoyendetsera Ndege: Ndege zina zimakhala ndi njira yoyendetsera ndege pa mphuno zomwe zimathandiza woyendetsa ndege kuyendetsa ndegeyo ali pansi. Njira imeneyi nthawi zambiri imalumikizidwa ndi ma pedal a chiwongolero cha ndegeyo.
Ponseponse, zida zotera ndege ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa kapangidwe ka ndege, zomwe zimathandiza kuti igwire ntchito mosamala komanso moyenera pansi. Kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe ka zida zotera ndege kamadalira malamulo ndi miyezo yokhwima kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo cha ntchito zoyendetsa ndege.
Zida Zotumizira Helikopita
Magiya otumizira ma helikopita ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa dongosolo lotumizira ma helikopita, lomwe limayang'anira kutumiza mphamvu kuchokera ku injini kupita ku rotor yayikulu ndi rotor yakumbuyo. Magiya awa amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri powongolera mawonekedwe a ndege ya helikopita, monga kukweza, kusuntha, ndi kukhazikika. Nazi zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri pa magiya otumizira ma helikopita:
Chofunika kwambiri potumiza mphamvu kuchokera ku injini kupita ku rotor yayikulu. Mitundu ya magiya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza ma helikopita ndi awa:Magiya a BevelSinthani njira yoyendetsera mphamvu yamagetsi. Magiya a Spur: Thandizani kusunga liwiro lokhazikika la rotorMagiya a mapulaneti: Lolani kuti magiya azisinthasintha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhazikike komanso zizilamulira bwino ndege ikayenda
Kutumiza kwa Rotor Yaikulu: Magiya akuluakulu otumizira rotor amasamutsa mphamvu kuchokera ku injini kupita ku shaft yayikulu ya rotor, yomwe imayendetsa masamba akuluakulu a rotor. Magiya awa adapangidwa kuti athe kupirira katundu wambiri komanso liwiro ndipo ayenera kupangidwa bwino kuti atsimikizire kuti mphamvu imasamutsidwa bwino komanso moyenera.
Kutumiza kwa Rotor ya Mchira: Magiya otumizira mphamvu kuchokera ku injini kupita ku shaft ya rotor ya mchira, yomwe imalamulira kayendedwe ka helikopita kapena kuyenda kwake mbali ndi mbali. Magiya amenewa nthawi zambiri amakhala ang'onoang'ono komanso opepuka kuposa magiya akuluakulu otumizira mphamvu koma ayenera kukhala olimba komanso odalirika.
Kuchepetsa Magiya: Magiya otumizira magiya a helikopita nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi makina ochepetsera magiya kuti agwirizane ndi mphamvu ya injini yothamanga kwambiri ndi liwiro lochepa lomwe limafunika ndi ma rotor akuluakulu ndi akumbuyo. Kuchepetsa liwiro kumeneku kumathandiza ma rotor kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kulephera kwa makina.
Zipangizo Zamphamvu Kwambiri: Magiya otumizira ma helikopita nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zipangizo zolimba kwambiri, monga chitsulo cholimba kapena titaniyamu, kuti athe kupirira katundu wolemera komanso kupsinjika komwe kumachitika panthawi yogwira ntchito.
Dongosolo Lopaka Mafuta: Magiya otumizira ma helikopita amafunika njira yopaka mafuta yotsogola kuti atsimikizire kuti ikugwira ntchito bwino komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka. Mafuta opaka mafuta ayenera kukhala okhoza kupirira kutentha kwambiri ndi kupsinjika komanso kuteteza mokwanira ku kukangana ndi dzimbiri.
Kusamalira ndi Kuyang'anira: Zida zotumizira ma helikopita zimafunika kusamalidwa ndi kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino. Zizindikiro zilizonse zakuwonongeka kapena kuwonongeka ziyenera kuthetsedwa mwachangu kuti zipewe kulephera kwa makina.
Ponseponse, zida zotumizira ma helikopita ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimathandiza kuti ma helikopita azigwira ntchito bwino komanso motetezeka. Ayenera kupangidwa, kupangidwa, ndi kusamalidwa bwino kwambiri kuti atsimikizire kuti ntchito zoyendetsa ndege zili bwino.
Zida Zochepetsera Turboprop
Zida zochepetsera turboprop ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri mu injini za turboprop, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ndege kuti zipereke mphamvu. Zida zochepetsera zimachepetsa mphamvu ya injini ya turbine kufika pa liwiro lotsika loyenera kuyendetsa bwino propeller. Nazi zina mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa zida zochepetsera turboprop:
Chiŵerengero Chochepetsera: Giya lochepetsera limachepetsa kuzungulira kwa liwiro la injini ya injini, komwe kumatha kupitirira makumi ambiri a ma revolutions pamphindi (RPM), mpaka liwiro lotsika loyenera propeller. Chiŵerengero chochepetsera nthawi zambiri chimakhala pakati pa 10:1 ndi 20:1, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti propeller imazungulira pa gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi mpaka makumi awiri a liwiro la turbine.
Dongosolo la Zida Zapadziko Lonse: Magiya ochepetsera a Turboprop nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la zida zapadziko lonse lapansi, lomwe limakhala ndi zida zapakati pa dzuwa, magiya apadziko lonse lapansi, ndi giya lozungulira. Dongosololi limalola kuchepetsa zida zazing'ono komanso zogwira mtima pamene likugawa katundu mofanana pakati pa magiya.
Shaft Yolowera Mofulumira Kwambiri: Giya lochepetsera limalumikizidwa ku shaft yotulutsa mphamvu yamphamvu ya turbine ya injini. Shaft iyi imazungulira mofulumira kwambiri ndipo iyenera kupangidwa kuti ipirire kupsinjika ndi kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi turbine.
Shaft Yotulutsa Yochepa: Shaft yotulutsa ya zida zochepetsera imalumikizidwa ku propeller ndipo imazungulira ndi liwiro lotsika kuposa shaft yolowera. Shaft iyi imatumiza liwiro lochepa ndi torque ku propeller, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ipange mphamvu.
Mabearing ndi Mafuta: Magiya ochepetsera Turboprop amafunika mabearing apamwamba komanso machitidwe opaka mafuta kuti atsimikizire kuti ntchito yake ndi yosalala komanso yodalirika. Mabearing ayenera kukhala okhoza kupirira kuthamanga kwambiri komanso katundu, pomwe makina opaka mafuta ayenera kupereka mafuta okwanira kuti achepetse kukangana ndi kuwonongeka.
Kuchita Bwino ndi Kugwira Ntchito Bwino: Kapangidwe ka zida zochepetsera mpweya ndikofunikira kwambiri pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa injini ya turboprop. Zida zochepetsera mpweya zopangidwa bwino zimatha kukonza kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mafuta, kuchepetsa phokoso ndi kugwedezeka, komanso kuwonjezera nthawi ya moyo wa injini ndi propeller.
Ponseponse, zida zochepetsera turboprop ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la injini za turboprop, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azigwira ntchito bwino komanso modalirika pamene akupereka mphamvu zofunikira pakuyendetsa ndege.
Zida Zambiri Zaulimi ku Belon Gears
