Zida Zochepetsera Propeller
Zida zochepetsera propeller ndi gawo lofunikira mu ndege zomwe zimakhala ndi injini za pistoni kapena ma turboprop. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa injini kupita ku liwiro lotsika loyenera kuyendetsa propeller bwino. Kuchepetsa kuthamanga uku kumathandizira chopangira injini kutembenuza mphamvu ya injini kuti ikhale yopondereza bwino, kuwongolera mphamvu yamafuta ndikuchepetsa phokoso.
Zida zochepetsera propeller zimakhala ndi magiya angapo, kuphatikiza giya yoyendetsa yolumikizidwa ndi crankshaft ya injini ndi zida zoyendetsedwa ndi shaft ya propeller. Magiyawa nthawi zambiri amakhala magiya a helical kapena spur ndipo amapangidwa kuti azilumikizana bwino kuti azipereka mphamvu moyenera.
Mu ndege zoyendetsedwa ndi pisitoni, chiŵerengero cha magiya ochepetsera nthawi zambiri chimakhala cha 0.5 mpaka 0.6, kutanthauza kuti propeller imazungulira pafupifupi theka kapena kupitirira pang'ono theka la liwiro la injini. Kuchepetsa kuthamanga uku kumapangitsa kuti propeller igwire bwino ntchito yake bwino, ikupanga kukakamiza kopanda phokoso komanso kugwedezeka.
Mundege za turboprop, zida zochepetsera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kufananiza kuthamanga kwambiri kwa injini ya turbine yamagetsi ndi liwiro lotsika lozungulira lomwe limafunikira ndi propeller. Zida zochepetsera izi zimalola injini za turboprop kuti zizigwira ntchito bwino pama liwiro osiyanasiyana, kuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ndege ndi mishoni.
Ponseponse, zida zochepetsera propeller ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pamakayendedwe andege, kulola mainjini kugwira ntchito bwino komanso mwakachetechete pomwe akupereka mphamvu yofunikira pakuwuluka.
Gear Yokwera
Zida zoikira ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri la ndege yomwe imalola kuti ichoke, kutera, ndi taxi pansi. Zimapangidwa ndi mawilo, ma struts, ndi njira zina zomwe zimathandizira kulemera kwa ndege ndikupereka bata panthawi yogwira ntchito pansi. Zida zokwerera nthawi zambiri zimatha kubweza, kutanthauza kuti zimatha kukwezedwa mu fuselage ya ndegeyo ikamauluka kuti ichepetse kukokera.
Dongosolo la zida zotsikira limaphatikizapo zigawo zingapo zofunika, chilichonse chimagwira ntchito yake:
Zida Zoyikira Kwambiri: Zida zoyakira zazikulu zili pansi pa mapiko ndipo zimathandizira kulemera kwa ndegeyo. Zimapangidwa ndi gudumu limodzi kapena angapo omwe amamangiriridwa ku zingwe zomwe zimayambira pansi kuchokera ku mapiko kapena fuselage.
Zida Zoikira Mphuno: Zida zoikira mphuno zimakhala pansi pa mphuno ya ndegeyo ndipo zimathandizira kutsogolo kwa ndegeyo ikakhala pansi. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi gudumu limodzi lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi chingwe chomwe chimafikira pansi kuchokera ku fuselage ya ndegeyo.
Shock Absorbers: Magiya otsetsereka nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zinthu zoziziritsa kukhosi kuti zichepetse mphamvu yakutera ndi taxi pamalo ovuta. Zodzikongoletserazi zimathandiza kuteteza kapangidwe ka ndege ndi zigawo zake kuti zisawonongeke.
Njira Yobwezerera: Njira yochotsera zida zotsikira imalola zida zotera kuti zikwezedwe mu fuselage ya ndege ikamauluka. Makinawa amatha kukhala ndi ma hydraulic kapena magetsi oyendetsa magetsi omwe amakweza ndikutsitsa zida zotera.
Mabuleki: Zida zokwerera zimakhala ndi mabuleki omwe amalola woyendetsa ndegeyo kutsika pang'onopang'ono ndikuimitsa ndege ikatera komanso ikakwera taxi. Dongosolo la braking lingaphatikizepo zida za hydraulic kapena pneumatic zomwe zimakakamiza mawilo kuti azichedwetsa.
Chiwongolero: Ndege zina zimakhala ndi makina owongolera pamphuno zomwe zimalola woyendetsa ndege kuyendetsa ndegeyo ali pansi. Kachipangizo kameneka kamakhala kolumikizana ndi ma pedals a ndege
Ponseponse, zida zokwerera ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pamapangidwe a ndege, zomwe zimalola kuti izigwira ntchito bwino pansi. Kapangidwe ndi kamangidwe ka zida zokwerera zimatsatiridwa ndi malamulo okhwima ndi miyezo yowonetsetsa kuti kayendetsedwe ka ndege ndi kotetezeka.
Helicopter Transmission Gears
Magiya opatsira ma helikopita ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pamayendedwe a helikopita, omwe ali ndi udindo wotumiza mphamvu kuchokera ku injini kupita ku rotor yayikulu ndi mchira. Magiyawa amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri powongolera momwe helikopita ikuuluka, monga kunyamulira, kukankhira, ndi kukhazikika. Nazi zina mwazinthu zazikulu za zida zotumizira ma helikopita:
Zofunikira pakusamutsa mphamvu kuchokera ku injini kupita ku rotor yayikulu. Mitundu ya magiya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza ma helikopita ndi awa:Zida za bevelSinthani komwe kumayendera magiya a Spur: Thandizani kukhala ndi liwiro lozungulira lozunguliraZida za mapulaneti: Lolani magiya osinthika, omwe amathandizira kukhazikika ndi kuwongolera panthawi yaulendo
Kutumiza Kwakukulu kwa Rotor: Magiya akuluakulu otengera ma rotor amasamutsa mphamvu kuchokera ku injini kupita ku shaft yayikulu, yomwe imayendetsa masamba akulu. Magiyawa adapangidwa kuti azitha kupirira katundu wambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri ndipo amayenera kupangidwa ndendende kuti awonetsetse kuti magetsi akuyenda bwino.
Kutumiza kwa Tail Rotor: Magiya opatsira mchira amasamutsa mphamvu kuchokera ku injini kupita ku shaft yozungulira yamchira, yomwe imayendetsa mayendedwe a helikopita kapena mbali ndi mbali. Magiyawa nthawi zambiri amakhala ang'onoang'ono komanso opepuka kuposa magiya akuluakulu otumizira ma rotor koma ayenera kukhala amphamvu komanso odalirika.
Kuchepetsa Magiya: Magiya opatsira ma helikopita nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza makina ochepetsera zida kuti agwirizane ndi liwiro la injiniyo kupita ku liwiro lotsika lofunikira ndi ma rotor akulu ndi mchira. Kuchepetsa kuthamanga kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti ma rotors azigwira ntchito bwino komanso amachepetsa chiopsezo cha kulephera kwa makina.
Zida Zamphamvu Kwambiri: Magiya otumizira ma helikopita nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zamphamvu kwambiri, monga chitsulo cholimba kapena titaniyamu, kuti athe kupirira akatundu ochulukirapo komanso zovuta zomwe amakumana nazo panthawi yogwira ntchito.
Dongosolo Lamafuta: Magiya otumizira ma helikopita amafunikira makina opaka mafuta otsogola kuti awonetsetse kuti akuyenda bwino komanso kuchepetsa kuvala. Mafutawa amayenera kupirira kutentha kwambiri ndi kupanikizika komanso kupereka chitetezo chokwanira kuti chisagwedezeke ndi dzimbiri.
Kusamalira ndi Kuyendera: Magiya otumizira ma helikopta amafunikira kukonza ndikuwunika pafupipafupi kuti atsimikizire kuti akugwira ntchito moyenera. Zizindikiro zilizonse za kuwonongeka kapena kuwonongeka ziyenera kuthetsedwa mwachangu kuti zipewe kulephera kwa makina.
Ponseponse, zida zotumizira ma helikopita ndizofunikira kwambiri zomwe zimathandizira kuti ma helikopita azigwira bwino ntchito. Ayenera kupangidwa, kupangidwa, ndi kusungidwa bwino kwambiri kuti atsimikizire chitetezo cha kayendetsedwe ka ndege.
Turboprop Reduction Gear
Zida zochepetsera za turboprop ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri mu injini za turboprop, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mundege kuti zipereke mphamvu. Zida zochepetsera zimakhala ndi udindo wochepetsa kutulutsa kwachangu kwa turbine ya injini kupita ku liwiro lotsika loyenera kuyendetsa pulopekitala bwino. Nazi zina mwazinthu zazikulu zamagiya ochepetsa turboprop:
Kuchepetsa: Giya yochepetsera imachepetsa kuthamanga kwa injini ya injini, yomwe imatha kupitilira masauzande masauzande pamphindi imodzi (RPM), kupita pa liwiro lotsika loyenera chopangira chowongolera. Chiŵerengero chochepetsera chimakhala pakati pa 10:1 ndi 20:1, kutanthauza kuti chopalacho chimazungulira pa khumi kufika pa makumi awiri pa liwiro la turbine.
Planetary Gear System: Magiya ochepetsera a Turboprop nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito makina opangira mapulaneti, omwe amakhala ndi zida zapakati padzuwa, magiya a pulaneti, ndi mphete. Dongosololi limalola kuchepetsa zida zophatikizika komanso zogwira mtima pogawira katunduyo mofanana pakati pa magiya.
Shaft Yolowetsa Mothamanga Kwambiri: Zida zochepetsera zimalumikizidwa ndi shaft yothamanga kwambiri ya turbine ya injini. Shaft iyi imazungulira mothamanga kwambiri ndipo iyenera kupangidwa kuti ipirire kupsinjika ndi kutentha kopangidwa ndi turbine.
Low-Speed Output Shaft: Shaft yotulutsa giya yochepetsera imalumikizidwa ndi propeller ndipo imazungulira pa liwiro lotsika kuposa shaft yolowera. Shaft iyi imatumiza liwiro locheperako ndi torque kupita ku propeller, kuilola kuti ipange mphamvu.
Ma Bearings ndi Mafuta: Magiya ochepetsera a Turboprop amafunikira mayendedwe apamwamba kwambiri komanso makina opaka mafuta kuti awonetsetse kuti ntchito yabwino komanso yodalirika. Ma fani amayenera kupirira kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kunyamula katundu, pomwe makina opaka mafuta ayenera kupereka mafuta okwanira kuti achepetse kukangana ndi kuvala.
Kuchita Mwachangu ndi Kuchita: Mapangidwe a zida zochepetsera ndizofunikira pakuchita bwino komanso magwiridwe antchito a injini ya turboprop. Makina ochepetsera opangidwa bwino amatha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yamafuta, kuchepetsa phokoso ndi kugwedezeka, ndikuwonjezera moyo wa injini ndi propeller.
Ponseponse, zida zochepetsera za turboprop ndizofunikira kwambiri pamainjini a turboprop, kuwalola kuti azigwira ntchito bwino komanso modalirika pomwe akupereka mphamvu yofunikira pakuyendetsa ndege.
Zida Zaulimi Zambiri komwe Belon Gears
