Zida za Engine
OEM ODM mkulu mwatsatanetsatanekupanga zida,Mainjini amagalimoto amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ingapo ya magiya kuti agwire ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Magiyawa amathandizira kuti injini igwire bwino ntchito ndi zida zake. Nayi mitundu yodziwika bwino yamagiya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamainjini amagalimoto:
Magiya a Nthawi: Zida zogwiritsira ntchito nthawi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwirizanitsa kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa ma valve a injini ndi kuyenda kwa pistoni. Amawonetsetsa kuti ma valve amatsegula ndi kutseka pa nthawi yoyenera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuyaka bwino komanso kugwira ntchito kwa injini.
Zida za Crankshaft:Magiya a Crankshaft amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutumiza mphamvu kuchokera ku pistoni kupita ku crankshaft, yomwe imasintha kuyenda kwa mzere wa pistoni kukhala kozungulira. Kuyenda kozungulira uku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa zida zina za injini ndi zowonjezera.
Zida za Camshaft: Zida za Camshaft zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa camshaft, yomwe imayang'anira kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa ma valve a injini. Magiya a camshaft amatsimikizira kuti camshaft imazungulira pa liwiro lolondola pokhudzana ndi crankshaft.
Zida Zopopera Mafuta: Zida zopopera mafuta zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera mafuta kuchokera ku poto yamafuta kupita kuzinthu za injini, monga ma bearings ndi camshaft, kuti azipaka mafuta ndikuchepetsa kukangana. Kupaka mafuta koyenera ndikofunikira kuti injini igwire bwino ntchito komanso moyo wautali.
Balance Shaft Gears: Mainjini ena amagwiritsa ntchito ma shafts kuti achepetse kugwedezeka. Magiya oyendera ma shaft amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa ma shafts awa, kuwonetsetsa kuti amazungulira pa liwiro lolondola komanso gawo logwirizana ndi crankshaft.
Zida Zowonjezera Zowonjezera: Zida zopangira zida zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa zinthu monga pampu yamadzi, pampu yowongolera mphamvu, ndi alternator. Magiyawa amaonetsetsa kuti zigawozi zimagwira ntchito pa liwiro lolondola poyerekezera ndi injini ndi liwiro lagalimoto.
Zida zotumizira
Tmagiya a ransmission ndi gawo lofunikira pamakina otumizira magalimoto, omwe ali ndi udindo wotumiza mphamvu kuchokera ku injini kupita ku mawilo pa liwiro losiyana ndi ma torque. Nayi mitundu yayikulu yamagiya opatsira omwe amapezeka m'magalimoto:
Magiya otumiza pamanja: Pakutumiza kwamanja, dalaivala amasankha pamanja magiya pogwiritsa ntchito chosinthira giya ndi clutch. Magiya akuluakulu pamapazi amanja ndi awa:
Gear Yoyamba (Low Gear): Imapereka torque yayikulu kwambiri yoyambira galimoto kuti ikayime.
Gear Yachiwiri: Imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa liwiro lapakati komanso mathamangitsidwe.
Zida Zachitatu: Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda pamayendedwe apakatikati.
Fourth Gear (Overdrive): Amagwiritsidwa ntchito paulendo wothamanga kwambiri, pomwe liwiro la injini ndi lotsika kuposa liwiro lagalimoto.
Fifth Gear (Overdrive): Zotumiza zina zamanja zimakhala ndi zida zachisanu zakuyenda mothamanga kwambiri.
Magiya Odziyimira pawokha: Pakutumiza kodziwikiratu, makina otumizira amasankha magiya kutengera kuthamanga kwagalimoto, kuchuluka kwa injini, ndi zina. Magiya akuluakulu mu ma automatic transmission ndi awa:
Paki (P): Imatseka njira kuti galimoto isasunthe.
Kubwerera (R): Imayendetsa magiya kuti galimoto ibwerere kumbuyo.
Kusalowerera ndale (N): Imachotsa magiya, kulola injini kuyenda popanda kuyendetsa mawilo.
Kuyendetsa (D): Kumayendetsa magiya opita patsogolo. Zina zotengera zodziwikiratu zimakhalanso ndi magiya owonjezera pa liwiro losiyanasiyana.
Kutumiza Kosiyanasiyana (CVT): CVT imagwiritsa ntchito makina a pulleys ndi malamba kuti apereke chiwerengero chopanda malire cha magiya, m'malo mwa magiya osakanikirana. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mafuta azithamanga komanso kuti mafuta aziyenda bwino.
Kutumiza kwapawiri-Clutch (DCT): DCT imaphatikiza magwiridwe antchito amtundu wapamanja ndi mwayi wotumiza zodziwikiratu. Imagwiritsa ntchito zingwe ziwiri zosiyana zamagiya osamvetseka komanso osamveka, kulola kusinthana mwachangu komanso kosalala.
Magiya otumizira ndi ofunikira pakuwongolera liwiro ndi torque yagalimoto, ndipo mtundu wa zida zotumizira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimatha kukhudza kwambiri momwe galimoto ikuyendera, kuyendetsa bwino kwamafuta, komanso kuyendetsa bwino.
Zida zowongolera
Chiwongolero m'galimoto chimagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ingapo ya magiya kuti atembenuzire kusuntha kwa chiwongolero kukhala chowongolera chomwe chimafunikira kutembenuza mawilo. Nayi mitundu yayikulu yamagiya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito powongolera:
Worm ndi Sector Gear: Uwu ndi mtundu wamba wa zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powongolera. Chiwongolerocho chimalumikizidwa ndi shaft yokhala ndi giya ya nyongolotsi, yomwe imalumikizana ndi zida zamagulu zolumikizidwa ndi chiwongolero. Pamene chiwongolero chikutembenuzidwa, zida za nyongolotsi zimazungulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zida zamagulu ndi chiwongolero zisunthike, kutembenuza mawilo.
Rack ndi Pinion: M'dongosolo lino, chiwongolerocho chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi pinion gear, yomwe imamangiriza ndi zida zowonongeka zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiwongolero. Pamene chiwongolerocho chikutembenuzidwa, zida za pinion zimazungulira, kusuntha zida zoyikamo ndikutembenuza mawilo. Makina owongolera ma rack ndi pinion ndi otchuka chifukwa cha kuphweka kwawo komanso kuyankha kwawo.
Mpira Wozungulira: Dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito njira ya mpira yobwerezabwereza kuti atembenuzire kusuntha kwa chiwongolero kukhala njira yolumikizira yomwe imafunikira kuti mawilo asinthe. Chombo cha nyongolotsi chimazungulira mipiringidzo yobwerezabwereza, yomwe imasuntha mtedza wolumikizidwa ndi chiwongolero chowongolera, kutembenuza mawilo.
Gearbox yowongolera: Chiwongolero cha gearbox ndi gawo lomwe limasunga magiya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito powongolera. Nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pa chassis yagalimoto ndipo imakhala ndi magiya ofunikira kuti atembenuzire mayendedwe a chiwongolero kuti ayende motsatira mzere wofunikira kuti mutembenuzire mawilo.
Izi ndi mitundu ikuluikulu ya magiya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chiwongolero. Mtundu wa zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi kapangidwe kagalimoto komanso momwe chiwongolero chimafunira. Mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wake, magiya mu chiwongolero amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri kuti dalaivala azitha kuyang'anira kumene galimoto ikupita.
Zida Zosiyana
Zida zosiyanitsa ndizofunikira kwambiri pamagalimoto agalimoto, makamaka pamagalimoto okhala ndi mawilo akumbuyo kapena onse. Imalola mawilo oyendetsa galimoto kuti azizungulira pa liwiro losiyanasiyana pomwe akutumiza mphamvu kuchokera ku injini kupita kumawilo. Umu ndi momwe zida zosiyanitsira zimagwirira ntchito komanso chifukwa chake ndizofunikira:
Momwe zimagwirira ntchito:
Kulowetsa Mphamvu: Kusiyanitsa kumalandira mphamvu kuchokera kumayendedwe kapena kutumiza, nthawi zambiri kudzera pa driveshaft.
Kugawa Mphamvu: Kusiyanitsa kumagawanitsa mphamvu kuchokera pa driveshaft kukhala zotuluka ziwiri, imodzi pa gudumu lililonse loyendetsa.
Kulola Kuthamanga Mosiyana: Pamene galimoto ikutembenuka, gudumu lakunja limayenda mtunda wautali kusiyana ndi gudumu lamkati. Kusiyanitsa kumalola mawilo kuti azizungulira pa liwiro losiyanasiyana kuti agwirizane ndi kusiyana kumeneku.
Kulinganiza Torque: Kusiyanaku kumathandizanso kufananiza torque yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa gudumu lililonse, kuwonetsetsa kuti mawilo onse awiri amalandira mphamvu zokwanira kuti asungike.
Kufunika kwa Zida Zosiyanasiyana:
Kumakona: Popanda kusiyana, mawilo amakakamizika kuzungulira pa liwiro lomwelo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kutembenuka. Kusiyanitsa kumalola mawilo kuti azizungulira mothamanga mosiyanasiyana panthawi yokhotakhota, ndikuwongolera kuyendetsa bwino.
Kukokera: Kusiyanitsa kumathandizira kuti magudumu aziyenda bwino polola kuti mawilo asinthe liwiro lawo molingana ndi mtunda. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka m'malo oterera kapena oterera.
Kutalika kwa Wheel: Polola kuti mawilo azizungulira pa liwiro losiyana, kusiyanitsa kumachepetsa kupsinjika kwa matayala ndi zida zina zoyendetsa, zomwe zimatha kukulitsa moyo wawo.
Kugwira Ntchito Mosalala: Kusiyanitsa kogwira ntchito moyenera kumathandizira kuwonetsetsa kuti magetsi akuyenda bwino komanso osasinthasintha pamagudumu, ndikuwongolera kuyendetsa bwino.
Ponseponse, magiya osiyanitsira ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pamayendedwe agalimoto, kulola kutembenuka kosalala, kuyenda bwino, komanso kuchepa kwa matayala ndi zida za drivetrain.
