Magiya a Injini
OEM ODM yolondola kwambirikupanga magiyaMa injini a magalimoto amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magiya kuti agwire ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Magiya awa amathandiza kuti injini ndi zida zake zizigwira ntchito bwino. Nazi mitundu yodziwika bwino ya magiya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini zamagalimoto:
Zida Zowerengera Nthawi: Magiya owerengera nthawi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwirizanitsa kutsegula ndi kutseka ma valve a injini ndi kayendedwe ka ma pistoni. Amaonetsetsa kuti ma valve amatsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa panthawi yoyenera, zomwe zimathandiza kuti kuyaka bwino komanso injini igwire bwino ntchito.
Magiya a Crankshaft:Magiya a crankshaft amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutumiza mphamvu kuchokera ku ma piston kupita ku crankshaft, zomwe zimasintha kayendedwe ka ma piston kukhala kayendedwe kozungulira. Kayendedwe kameneka kamagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa zida zina za injini ndi zowonjezera.
Magiya a CamshaftMagiya a camshaft amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa camshaft, yomwe imayang'anira kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa ma valve a injini. Magiya a camshaft amatsimikizira kuti camshaft imazungulira pa liwiro loyenera poyerekeza ndi crankshaft.
Magiya Opompa Mafuta: Magiya opompa mafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupompa mafuta kuchokera mu poto yamafuta kupita ku zigawo za injini, monga ma bearing ndi camshaft, kuti azipaka mafuta ndikuchepetsa kukangana. Mafuta oyenera ndi ofunikira kuti injini igwire bwino ntchito komanso kuti ikhale ndi moyo wautali.
Magiya a Shaft Oyenera: Ma injini ena amagwiritsa ntchito ma balance shaft kuti achepetse kugwedezeka. Magiya a balance shaft amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa ma balance shaft awa, kuonetsetsa kuti akuzungulira pa liwiro loyenera komanso gawo lofanana ndi crankshaft.
Zida Zoyendetsera Zowonjezera: Magiya oyendetsera zinthu zowonjezera amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa zinthu monga pampu yamadzi, pampu yoyendetsera mphamvu, ndi alternator. Magiya amenewa amatsimikizira kuti zinthuzi zimagwira ntchito pa liwiro loyenera poyerekeza ndi liwiro la injini ndi galimoto.
Magiya otumizira
TMagiya oyendetsera galimoto ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pamakina oyendetsera galimoto, omwe amayang'anira kusamutsa mphamvu kuchokera ku injini kupita ku mawilo pa liwiro losiyana ndi ma torque. Nazi mitundu ikuluikulu ya magiya oyendetsera galimoto omwe amapezeka m'magalimoto:
Magiya Opatsira Manja: Mu giya yoyendetsedwa ndi manja, dalaivala amasankha magiya pamanja pogwiritsa ntchito chosinthira magiya ndi clutch. Magiya akuluakulu mu giya yoyendetsedwa ndi manja ndi awa:
Giya Loyamba (Giya Lochepa): Limapereka mphamvu yokwanira yoyambira galimotoyo ikayima.
Giya Lachiwiri: Limagwiritsidwa ntchito pa liwiro lapakati komanso kuthamanga.
Giya Lachitatu: Limagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda pa liwiro lapakati.
Giya Lachinayi (Overdrive): Limagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda mofulumira kwambiri, komwe liwiro la injini limakhala lotsika kuposa liwiro la galimoto.
Giya Lachisanu (Overdrive): Ma gear ena oyendetsedwa ndi manja ali ndi giya lachisanu loti azitha kuyendetsa galimoto mothamanga kwambiri.
Magiya Opatsira Okha: Mu giya yodziyimira yokha, makina otumizira amasankha okha magiya kutengera liwiro la galimoto, kuchuluka kwa injini, ndi zina. Magiya akuluakulu mu giya yodziyimira yokha ndi awa:
Paki (P): Imatseka giya kuti galimoto isayende.
Kubwerera m'mbuyo (R): Kumayika magiya kuti galimoto ibwerere m'mbuyo.
Chosalowerera (N): Chimachotsa magiya, zomwe zimathandiza kuti injini izigwira ntchito popanda kuyendetsa mawilo.
Kuyendetsa (D): Kumathandizira magiya kuti ayende patsogolo. Magiya ena odziyimira pawokha alinso ndi magiya ena osinthasintha liwiro.
Kutumiza Kosalekeza Kosinthasintha (CVT): CVT imagwiritsa ntchito njira ya ma pulley ndi malamba kuti ipereke ma gear ratios ambiri, osati ma gear osiyana. Izi zimathandiza kuti liwiro liziyenda bwino komanso kuti mafuta azigwiritsidwa ntchito bwino.
Kutumiza Ma Clutch Awiri (DCT): DCT imagwiritsa ntchito bwino ma transmission amanja ndi ma transmission odziyimira pawokha. Imagwiritsa ntchito ma clutch awiri osiyana pa ma gear odd komanso ofanana, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ma gear asinthe mwachangu komanso mosalala.
Magiya otumizira ndi ofunikira kwambiri powongolera liwiro ndi mphamvu ya galimoto, ndipo mtundu wa makina otumizira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ungakhudze kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a galimoto, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mafuta, komanso luso loyendetsa.
Zida zowongolera
Dongosolo lowongolera m'galimoto limagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ingapo ya magiya kuti lisinthe kayendedwe kozungulira ka chiwongolero kukhala kayendedwe kolunjika kofunikira kuti magiya azizungulira. Nazi mitundu ikuluikulu ya magiya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu dongosolo lowongolera:
Nyongolotsi ndi Zida Zamagulu: Iyi ndi mtundu wa giya wofala womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chiwongolero. Chiwongolero chimalumikizidwa ku shaft ndi giya ya nyongolotsi, yomwe imalumikizana ndi giya ya sector yolumikizidwa ku chiwongolero. Pamene chiwongolero chikuzunguliridwa, giya ya nyongolotsi imazungulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti giya ya sector ndi chiwongolero zisunthe, ndikutembenuza mawilo.
Rack ndi Pinion: Mu dongosololi, chiwongolero chimalumikizidwa ku giya la pinion, lomwe limalumikizana ndi giya la rack lomwe limalumikizidwa ku linkage ya chiwongolero. Pamene chiwongolero chikuzunguliridwa, giya la pinion limazungulira, kusuntha giya la rack ndikuzungulira mawilo. Makina owongolera a rack ndi pinion ndi otchuka chifukwa cha kusavuta kwawo komanso kuyankha kwawo.
Mpira Wozungulira: Dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito njira yozungulira mpira kuti lisinthe kayendedwe kozungulira ka chiwongolero kukhala kayendedwe kolunjika kofunikira kuti lizungulire mawilo. Chida cha nyongolotsi chimazungulira mipira yozungulira, yomwe imasuntha nati yolumikizidwa ku cholumikizira chowongolera, ndikuzungulira mawilo.
Bokosi la gear lowongolera: Bokosi la giya lowongolera ndi chinthu chomwe chimasunga magiya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chiwongolero. Nthawi zambiri amamangiriridwa pa chassis ya galimoto ndipo amakhala ndi magiya ofunikira kuti asinthe kayendedwe ka chiwongolero kukhala kayendedwe kolunjika komwe kumafunika kuti magiya azizungulira.
Izi ndi mitundu ikuluikulu ya magiya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chiwongolero. Mtundu wa magiya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito umatha kusiyana malinga ndi kapangidwe ka galimotoyo komanso momwe chiwongolerocho chimafunira. Mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wake, magiya omwe ali mu chiwongolerocho amachita gawo lofunika kwambiri polola dalaivala kuwongolera komwe galimotoyo ikupita.
Zida Zosiyanitsa
Giya losiyanitsa ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa njira yoyendetsera galimoto, makamaka m'magalimoto omwe ali ndi mawilo akumbuyo kapena mawilo onse. Limalola mawilo oyendetsera galimoto kuzungulira pa liwiro losiyana pamene akutumiza mphamvu kuchokera ku injini kupita ku mawilo. Umu ndi momwe giya losiyanitsa limagwirira ntchito komanso chifukwa chake lili lofunika:
Momwe imagwirira ntchito:
Kulowetsa Mphamvu: Chosiyanitsacho chimalandira mphamvu kuchokera ku bokosi lotumizira kapena losamutsa, nthawi zambiri kudzera mu driveshaft.
Kugawa Mphamvu: Chosiyanitsa chimagawa mphamvu kuchokera ku driveshaft kukhala zotulutsa ziwiri, chimodzi pa gudumu lililonse loyendetsa.
Kulola Ma Liwiro Osiyanasiyana: Galimoto ikazungulira, gudumu lakunja limayenda mtunda wautali kuposa gudumu lamkati. Kusiyanaku kumalola magudumu kuzungulira pa liwiro losiyana kuti agwirizane ndi kusiyana kumeneku.
Kulinganiza Mphamvu Yoyendetsera Galimoto: Kusiyanaku kumathandizanso kulinganiza mphamvu yoyendetsera galimoto yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa gudumu lililonse, kuonetsetsa kuti magudumu onse awiri alandira mphamvu zokwanira kuti asunge mphamvu yoyendetsa galimoto.
Kufunika kwa Zida Zosiyanasiyana:
Kuzungulira pakona: Popanda chosiyanitsa, mawilo amakakamizidwa kuzungulira pa liwiro lomwelo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzungulira. Chosiyanitsacho chimalola mawilo kuzungulira pa liwiro losiyana akamazungulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuyenda bwino kukhale kosavuta.
Kugwirana: Kusiyanaku kumathandiza kuti mawilo azigwirana bwino mwa kulola mawilo kusintha liwiro lawo malinga ndi malo. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri m'malo otsetsereka kapena otsetsereka.
Kutalika kwa Mawilo: Mwa kulola mawilo kuzungulira pa liwiro losiyana, kusiyana kumeneku kumachepetsa kupsinjika kwa matayala ndi zida zina zoyendetsera, zomwe zingawonjezere moyo wawo.
Kugwira Ntchito Mosalala: Chosiyanitsa chogwira ntchito bwino chimathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti magetsi akuyenda bwino komanso nthawi zonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuyendetsa bwino magalimoto kukhale kosangalatsa.
Ponseponse, zida zosinthira ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pa drivetrain ya galimoto, zomwe zimathandiza kuti matayala ndi zida zina zoyendetsera galimoto zizitha kugwedezeka bwino, kugwedezeka bwino, komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa matayala ndi zida zoyendetsera galimoto.
