Magiya a Injini
Oem odm molondola kwambirikupanga magiya, Injini zamagetsi zimagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ingapo ya magiya kuti agwire ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Magiya awa amathandizira pantchito yabwino ya injini ndi zigawo zake. Nazi mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya magiya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini zamagalimoto:
Magiya Akukhala NthawiMagiya a nthawi amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi kutseka kwamphamvu kwa injiniyo ndikuyenda mapistoni. Amatsimikiza kuti mavawowo amatseguka ndikutseka pa nthawi yoyenera, kulola kuti pakhale ntchito bwino komanso injini.
Magiya a Crankshaft:Magiya a crankshaft amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa mphamvu kuchokera ku ma pisitons kupita ku crankshaft, yomwe imatembenuza chinsinsi cha ma pisitoni kuti isunthidwe. Kuyenda kozungulira kumeneku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa zinthu zina za injini ndi zida zina.
Campaft Magiya: Camshaft magiya amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa camshaft, yomwe imawongolera kutseguka ndikutseka mavavu a injini. Magiya a Campafthaft onetsetsani kuti camshaft imasinthira mogwirizana ndi Crankshaft.
Magiziro a Mafuta: Magiziro ampoumu mafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito popopera mafuta mu poto wamafuta kupita ku zigawo za injini, monga ma beseni ndi camshaft, kuti achepetse mikangano. Mafuta oyenera ndikofunikira kuti azigwira ntchito yosalala komanso yambiri ya injini ya injini.
Kusamala magiya: Majini ena amagwiritsa ntchito shafts moyenera kuti muchepetse kugwedezeka. Kuthetsa magiya a shaft kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa nsapato izi, kuonetsetsa kuti zimazungulira pa liwiro lolondola ndi gawo logwirizana ndi crankshaft.
Ma genior oyendetsa magiya: Magiziki oyendetsa magetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa zinthu monga pampu yamadzi, pampu chiwongolero, komanso opanga. Magiya awa akuwonetsetsa kuti zinthuzi zimagwira ntchito molunjika kolondola ku injini ndi kuthamanga kwa magalimoto.
Kutumiza Ma Nears
TMagiya owerengera ndi gawo limodzi lofunikira dongosolo lotumiza galimoto, lomwe limayambitsa kusamutsa mphamvu kuchokera ku injini kupita kumayendedwe osiyanasiyana ndi ma torques. Nayi mitundu ikuluikulu ya magiya opezeka m'magalimoto:
Magiya Ophunzitsira Malemba: Pakupatsira buku, dalaivala amasankha magiya pogwiritsa ntchito zida zamiyala. Magiya akuluakulu mu gawo la buku limaphatikizapo:
Ginar woyamba (giya wotsika): Amapereka torque yokwanira poyambira galimoto kuchokera ku malo oyimilira.
Giar wachiwiri: ogwiritsidwa ntchito pothamanga kwambiri ndi kuthamanga.
Zida zachitatu: zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita kuthamanga kwa sing'anga.
Zida zachinayi (zotanulira): zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothamanga kwambiri, pomwe kuthamanga kwa injini ndi kotsika kuposa kuthamanga kwagalimoto.
Girinth Gear (Kutalika Kwachuma): Kutumiza kwa kalembedwe kukhala ndi zida zazitali za chisanu ngakhale kulimbikira kwambiri.
Ma gears ogwiritsa ntchito okha: Kutumiza kokha, dongosolo lotumiza limasankha mazira otengera kuthamanga kwa magalimoto, katundu wa injini, ndi zinthu zina. Magiya akuluakulu omwe amapezeka modzipereka amaphatikiza:
Park (p): Kuyika mabatanidwe kuti muletse galimoto kuti isasunthike.
Kusintha (R): kumayendetsa magiya kuti galimotoyo ibwerere kumbuyo.
Osalowerera (n): Kuletsa magiya, kulola injini kuti ithamangitse osayendetsa mawilo.
Kuyendetsa (d): kumayendetsa magiya opita patsogolo. Kutumiza kwadzidzidzi kumakhalanso ndi magiya owonjezera othamanga.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kwambiri (CVT): CVT imagwiritsa ntchito makina ndi malamba ndi zitsamba kuti mupereke chiwerengero chopanda magiya ambiri, osati magiya anzeru. Izi zimathandiza kuti pakhale kuthamanga kosavuta ndikusintha mphamvu yamafuta.
Kufala kwapawiri (mdct): Ditolo imaphatikiza bwino ntchito yomwe imatumizidwa ndi nthawi youzidwa. Imagwiritsa ntchito zingwe ziwiri zosiyana za osamvetseka komanso magiya, kulola kuti magiya achangu komanso osalala asungunuke.
Magiya ophatikizika ndiofunikira kuwongolera liwiro ndi chimbudzi chagalimoto, ndipo mtundu wa dongosolo lotumiza zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndikutha kuyendetsa galimoto.
Chiwongolero chowongolera
Kuwongolera kagalimoto mu galimoto kumagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ingapo ya magiya kuti asinthe mayendedwe osinthika a chiwongolero mu mzere woyendetsera mawilo. Nayi mitundu ikuluikulu ya magiya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa:
Nyongolotsi ndi sector zida: Ichi ndi mtundu wamba wa zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito mu chiwongolero. Chiwongolero cholumikizidwa chimalumikizidwa ndi shaft ndi zida za nyongolotsi, zomwe zimalumala ndi zigawo zolumikizidwa ndi chindapusa chowongolera. Pamene chiwongolero chasinthidwa, zida za nyongolotsi zimazungulira, zomwe zimapangitsa ma ger graction ndikuwongolera kuti musunthire, kutembenuza mawilo.
Rack ndi Pinion: M'dongosolo lino, chiwongolero chimalumikizidwa ndi zida za pinion, zomwe zimangokhala ndi zida zamiyala yolumikizirana ndi chiwonetsero cha chiwongolero. Pamene chiwongolero chasinthidwa, mavinyo a pinion amazungulira, kusunthira zida zamiyala ndikusintha mawilo. Makina owongolera ndi ma pinion ndi otchuka chifukwa cha kuphweka kwawo komanso kuyankha.
Kubwezeretsanso mpira: Dongosolo lino limagwiritsa ntchito makina obwezeretsanso mpira kuti asinthe mayendedwe osinthika a chiwongolero mu mzere woyenda amafunikira kuti apange mawilo. Mipira ya nyongolotsi imazungulira mipira yotsitsimutsa, yomwe imasuntha mtedza wolumikizidwa ndi chiwongolero chowongolera, ndikusintha mawilo.
Chiwongolero gearbox: Buku la Gearbox ndiye gawo lomwe limakhala ndi magiya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chiwongolero. Amakhala ku Chasis a galimotoyo ndipo imakhala ndi magiya ofunikira kuti asinthire kusuntha kwa chiwongolero mu mzere woyenda kumafunikira kuti apange mawilo.
Awa ndi mitundu ikuluikulu ya magiya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa. Mtundu wa ma gear dongosolo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana potengera kapangidwe kagalimoto komanso kumverera kofunikira. Mosasamala za mtunduwo, magiya mu chiwongolero chowongolera amatenga gawo lofunikira polola dalaivala kuti aziwongolera kuyendetsa galimoto.
Ma gear osiyanasiyana
Ma gear osiyana ndi chinthu chovuta kwambiri pagalimoto yamagalimoto, makamaka magalimoto okhala ndi gudumu kapena magudumu. Zimalola mawilo oyendetsa kuti azizungulira mwachangu pozungulira potumiza mphamvu kuchokera ku injini kupita ku mawilo. Umu ndi momwe zida zimagwirira ntchito komanso chifukwa chake ndikofunikira:
Momwe zimagwirira ntchito:
Kulowetsa Magetsi: Kusiyana kwake kumalandira mphamvu kuchokera ku kufalikira kapena kusinthitsa, nthawi zambiri kudzera mu dripshaft.
Kugawana Mphamvu: Zosiyana zimagawika mphamvu kuchokera ku zotulutsa ziwiri, imodzi pa gudumu lililonse lagalimoto.
Kulola kuthamanga kosiyanasiyana: Galimoto ikatembenuka, gudumu lakunja limayenda mtunda wautali kuposa gudumu lamkati. Kusintha komwe kumapangitsa kuti mawilo azungulire mwachangu kuthamanga kuti agwirizane ndi kusiyana kumeneku.
Wofanana wofanana: zosiyanasiyana zimathandizanso kufanana ndi torque yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa gudumu lililonse, ndikuonetsetsa kuti mawilo onse awiri amalandila mphamvu yokwanira kuti ikhalenso kutchire.
Kufunika kwa Ma gear:
Kupatula apolisi: wopanda cholowa, mawilo amakakamizidwa kuti azizungulira mwachangu, kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta. Kusinthanitsa kumalola mawilo kuti azungulire liwiro losiyanasiyana nthawi yotembenuka, kukonza makonzedwe.
Tsoka: Kusiyana kwake kumathandizanso kusamalira mawilo kuti asinthe liwiro lawo malinga ndi mtunda. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pamsewu kapena poterera.
Pulogalamu ya mawilo: polola mawilo kuti azizungulira mosiyanasiyana, kusiyanitsa kumachepetsa matayala ndi zina zoyendetsera moyo, zomwe zimapangitsa moyo wawo.
Ntchito Yosalala: Kusintha koyenera kumathandiza kuwonetsetsa kusanja kosalala komanso kosasintha kwa mawilo, kukonza zomwe zidachitika poyendetsa.
Ponseponse, maliseche osiyanasiyana ndi chinthu chovuta poyendetsa galimoto, kulola kusanduka kosalala, kukhazikika kwamitundu, ndikuchepetsa kuvala matayala ndi zinthu zoyendetsedwa ndi matole.
